“…Ecosystem business models and collective approaches towards characterizing roles and strategies for all actors are crucial (Borgh et al, 2012;Ikävalko et al, 2018;Papert & Pflaum, 2017). Despite the criticality of orchestrating roles of keystones, a collective approach towards ecosystem orchestration with more flexible and extensible business models (Rong, Patton, & Chen, 2018) is essential for improving EVCC (Valkokari, Seppanen, Mantyla, & Jylha-Ollila, 2017), because ecosystems' constructs and interdependencies cannot be predicted ahead of time (Dattee, Alexy, & Autio, 2018).…”