Value Addition to Leather Industry Wastes and By-Products: Hydrolyzed Collagen and Collagen Peptides

Abstract

Environmental consciousness and constraints in developed societies over the past 20 years have brought about a dramatic impact on tannery operations worldwide. Leather industry has been categorized as one of the most polluting industries, and it spoils the continuity of environmental rhythm because of the generation of liquid, solid and gaseous wastes and also by-products. Solid organic wastes involving untanned (trimmings, fleshings and splits) and tanned (trimmings, splits and shavings) wastes and by-products depending on their proteinic character have an advantage of recovery and reuse potentials instead of disposal to landfills in terms of environmental sustainability. These solid wastes and by-products are not properly treated and disposed of; hence, they can cause environmental damages to soil and groundwater as well as release emissions and poisonous greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Valorization of these tannery solid wastes and by-products with different methods and processes is highly important for the perspective of eco-benignity and with respect to converting into new value-added products. This chapter focuses on the evaluation of the tannery solid wastes and by-products by partial and total denaturation and hydrolyzation. This paper also examines in general the specifications, production techniques and applications of collagen peptides in several industries.

Fabrication of LLDPE based biodegradable composite incorporated with leather shavings and buffing dust: An approach for waste management

“…These waste materials contain mineral components, fats, and liquid wastes in the form of wastewater and sludge 1 . Only around (20%–25%) of raw materials are converted to finished leather and around (75%–80%) are released to the environment as solid waste including fleshing waste (56%–60%), leather shavings, split and buffing (35%–40%) 2 . As leather shavings (LS) and leather buffing (LB) constitute a large amount of solid waste, managing those wastes is a pressing matter due to their negative impacts on the environment and human health 3 .…”

From leather wastes to leather: enhancement of low quality leather using collagen recovered from leather tanned wastes

“…Among post-tanning procedures, the re-tanning process is crucial not only to achieve uniform leather products, but also to confer new properties to leather, thus increasing its quality [3]: frequently, the addition of llers is necessary to minimize the imperfections present on hides, such as veiny and loose areas [4]. Filling phase is, therefore, the introduction of substances able to penetrate leather and ll the voids of the bers [5].…”

A Review on Utilization Routes of the Leather Industry Biomass

“…e residues generated during leather processing are fleshing, chrome shaving, trimmings, hair, and pieces of cuttings [6]. 1000 kg of raw hide generates 800-850 kg (80%-85%) of solid wastes in leather processing, of which 56-60% is flashing waste; 35-40% is chrome shaving, split, and buffing waste; 5.7% is trimmings; and 2.5% is hair [7,8].…”