Valproate and copper accelerate TRH-like peptide synthesis in male rat pancreas and reproductive tissues

Pekary, A. Eugene; Stevens, Schetema A.; Sattin, Albert

doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.07.014

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Pancreatic β-cells require a consistent photoperiod to minimize the risk of Type II diabetes and β-cell apoptosis [7]. Pancreatic TRH occurs primarily within β-cells and is co-released with insulin [70]. Exogenous TRH stimulates and Phe-TRH inhibits insulin release [71,72].…”

Section: Glu-trhmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRH and TRH-Like Peptide Levels Co-Vary with Reproductive and Metabolic Rhythms

Pekary

Sattin

2016

Horm Metab Res

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Photoperiod-synchronized rhythms in non-CSN tissues persist in total darkness. Clock genes involved in maintaining regular biorhythms within the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus are expressed in extra-CNS tissues and continue periodic expression in vitro. Understanding the details of how the SCN clock is coupled with peripheral clocks is only incompletely understood and may involve a multiplicity of feedback systems. The present study is an extension of our previous work showing that brain levels of TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH) and TRH-like peptides (X-TRH: pGlu-X-Pro-NH, where "X" can be any amino acid residue) fluctuate throughout the day-night cycle. Male rats were maintained in a stable environment, lights on 6-18 h. TRH and TRH-like peptides in liver, pancreas, testis, prostate, epididymis, and heart were measured at 3, 10, 16, and 22 h. The greatest change in peptide level was a 12-fold increase for TRH in prostate at 16 h relative to the corresponding value at 3 h. The TRH, Tyr-TRH and Phe-TRH levels in liver declined steadily to about 40% of the 3-h values by 22 h. Changes, in the order of decreasing number of significant increases (↑) and/or decreases (↓), were: testis (5↑, 1↓), liver (3↓), epididymis (2↑), prostate (1↑, 1↓) and heart (1↑). Peptide levels in liver and testis correlated with serum leptin and serum corticosterone, respectively, which are potent releasers of these peptides. Testosterone and glucose were also highly correlated. These tripeptides may participate in the regulation of metabolic and reproductive functions, which change during the day-night cycle.

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Section: Glu-trhmentioning

confidence: 99%

TRH and TRH-Like Peptide Levels Co-Vary with Reproductive and Metabolic Rhythms

Pekary

Sattin

2016

Horm Metab Res

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“…Nucleus accumbens (NA), amygdala (AY), frontal cortex (FCX), cerebellum (CBL), medulla oblongata (MED), anterior cingulate (ACNG), posterior cingulate (PCNG), striatum (STR), pyriform cortex (PYR), hippocampus (HC), entorhinal cortex (ENT), pancreas, prostate, epididymis, and testes were hand dissected, weighed rapidly, and then extracted as previously described [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…injection of 6.0 mg eCIT oxylate (48 ± 4 mg/kg BW)/ml sterile saline at 0 or 2 h (n = 4 for each time point) before decapitation. Epididymi were removed, the caput and cauda lobes were weighed, and extracted as previously described [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HPLC and RIA procedures, peak identification, and quantitation by co-chromatography with synthetic TRH and TRH-like peptides, relative potency analysis of multiple antibodies to TRH and TRH-like peptides, mass spectrometry and resolution of overlapping peaks by least squares fitting of a 2-Gaussian statistical model have been previously reported in detail [25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We have previously reported that thyroid hormones, and steroid hormones, such as testosterone and corticosterone, the psychostimulant cocaine, lithium and valproate used in the treatment of bipolar disorder, electroconvulsive seizures (ECS) for depression, the photoperiod and cytokines have rapid effects on the content and release of TRH (pGlu-His-Pro-NH 2 ) and TRH-like (pGlu-X-Pro-NH 2 , where ‘X’ can be any amino acid residue) peptides in brain regions involved in mood regulation [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

2008

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Background: Escitalopram (eCIT) is a highly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) that can be an effective treatment for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders including major depression. We, and others, have previously reported that thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, pGlu-His-Pro-NH₂) and TRH-like peptides with the general structure pGlu-X-Pro-NH₂, where ‘X’ can be any amino acid residue, have neuroprotective, antidepressant, analeptic, arousal, and anti-epileptic effects that could mediate the neuropsychiatric and therapeutic effects of a variety of neurotropic agents. The present work explores the possible mediation of the therapeutic effects of eCIT by TRH and TRH-like peptides. Methods: In order to extend our understanding of the range of neurotransmitter systems that are modulated by and, in turn, influence the expression of TRH and TRH-like peptides, 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected i.p. with eCIT (24 mg/kg BW) and the brain levels of TRH and TRH-like peptides in various brain regions involved in mood regulation and peripheral tissues with serotonergic innervation were measured 0, 2, 4, and 6 h later by combined HPLC and RIA. Results and Conclusion: Remarkable 3- to 25-fold increases in TRH and TRH-like peptide levels were observed 2 h after i.p. eCIT in the epididymis. This reproductive tissue has the highest level of serotonin found in most mammals. The acute (2 h) effect of eCIT in brain regions involved in mood regulation, particularly the nucleus accumbens and medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and striatum was to increase the levels of TRH-like peptides, most consistently Phe-TRH. An important exception was a decrease in the level of TRH in the nucleus accumbens. These responses, in general, were the opposite of those we have previously observed after acute restraint stress in this same rat strain. We conclude that some of the therapeutic effects of inhibition of serotonin reuptake are mediated by altered release of TRH and TRH-like peptides.

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A resveratrol derivative modulates TRH and TRH‐like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats

Pekary

Sattin

2022

Endocrino Diabet & Metabol

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Introduction Resveratrol and related polyphenols have therapeutic effects ranging from treatment of depression, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease, obesity, diabetes, neurodegeneration and ageing. TRH and TRH‐like peptides, with the structure pGlu‐X‐Pro‐NH2, where ‘X can be any amino acid reside, have reproductive, caloric‐restriction‐like, anti‐ageing, pancreatic‐β cell‐enhancing, cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. We hypothesize that TRH and TRH‐like peptides are mediators of the therapeutic actions of the resveratrol derivative pterostilbene (PT). Methods Sixteen young adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into four groups. Control group remained on ad libitum chow and water for 10 days. Acute group received ad libitum chow and water for 9 days and then 0.9 g PT/250 g rat chow for 24 h. Chronic animals received PT in chow for 10 days. Withdrawal rats received PT chow for 8 days and then normal chow for 2 days. TRH and TRH‐like peptide levels were measured in medulla oblongata (MED), frontal cortex (FCX), hypothalamus (HY), amygdala (AY), hippocampus (HC), piriform cortex (PIR), nucleus accumbens (NA), entorhinal cortex (ENT), striatum (STR), cerebellum (CBL), anterior cingulate (ACNG), posterior cingulate (PCNG), prostate (PR), liver (L), testis (T), heart (H), pancreas (PAN), adrenals (AD) and epididymis (EP). Results Significant changes in the levels of TRH and TRH‐like peptides occurred throughout the brain and peripheral tissues in response to PT treatment. Conclusion The high responsiveness of PIR, CBL, HY, STR, PCNG, MED, FCX, NA, ACNG and AY in brain and EP and PR is consistent with TRH and TRH‐like peptides participating in the therapeutic effects of PT.

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Valproate and copper accelerate TRH-like peptide synthesis in male rat pancreas and reproductive tissues

Cited by 16 publications

References 62 publications

TRH and TRH-Like Peptide Levels Co-Vary with Reproductive and Metabolic Rhythms

TRH and TRH-Like Peptide Levels Co-Vary with Reproductive and Metabolic Rhythms

Escitalopram Regulates Expression of TRH and TRH-Like Peptides in Rat Brain and Peripheral Tissues

A resveratrol derivative modulates TRH and TRH‐like peptide expression throughout the brain and peripheral tissues of male rats

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