Valorization of waste tire by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction: a mini-review

Hu, Yulin; Attia, Mai; Tsabet, Emir; Mohaddespour, Ahmad; Munir, Muhammad Tajammal; Farag, Sherif

doi:10.1007/s10163-021-01252-1

Cited by 25 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Scientific research focuses on the development of a broad portfolio of sustainable technologies to meet ever-growing energy demand. In the context of biomass exploitation for energy production, the main thermochemical routes include pyrolysis and oxy-pyrolysis, , torrefaction, gasification, or combustion . Application to biomass with large moisture content may be hampered by the need for an energy-intensive drying stage .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biocrude Produced by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Municipal Sewage Sludge in a 500 mL Batch Reactor

Di Lauro,

Balsamo,

Solimene

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This paper investigates the production of biocrude via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of sewage sludge. Results on the effect of the separation protocol of the oily/aqueous phases highlighted the superior performance of inertial separation over liquid−liquid extraction, with a biocrude yield of 43% attained at a HTL temperature of 350 °C. Experimental results revealed that processing time exerts a nonmonotonic effect on the biocrude yield with maximum yields of 35 and 43% after 30 and 10 min processing times at 300 and 350 °C, respectively. The best results in terms of energy recovery (about 59%) and reduced content of S in the biocrude (about 1%) are obtained at 350 °C. A minimum yield of water-soluble compounds (29%) is achieved at 10 min of processing time at 350 °C, whereas the maximum yield (49%) is attained after 30 min of processing time at the same temperature. From both NMR and LC-MS analyses, the biocrude obtained proved to be a complex mixture mainly constituted by aliphatic compounds, with small amounts of aromatic compounds (including PAHs) and olefins. Finally, inorganic elements present in the sludge report entirely to the solid phase.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Biocrude Produced by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Municipal Sewage Sludge in a 500 mL Batch Reactor

Di Lauro,

Balsamo,

Solimene

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…The disposal of tire waste is currently being studied and the recycling of waste tires is currently divided into two main categories: physical and chemical [ 20 ]. The main physical disposal method is to recycle used tires, which can then be shredded and used as road-construction materials [ 21 , 22 ]. However, only 10% of the total amount of used tires can be recycled at present.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential Hormonal Effects of Tire Polymers (TPs) on Different Species Based on a Theoretical Computational Approach

Wang

Yang

et al. 2023

Polymers

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Tire polymers (TPs) are the most prevalent type of microplastics and are of great concern due to their potential environmental risks. This study aims to determine the toxicity of TPs with the help of molecular-dynamics simulations of their interactions with receptors and to highlight the differences in the toxicity characteristics of TPs in different environmental media (marine environment, freshwater environment, soil environment). For this purpose, five TPs—natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber, nitrile–butadiene rubber, and isobutylene–isoprene rubber—were analyzed. Molecular-dynamics calculations were conducted on their binding energies to neurotoxic, developmental, and reproductive receptors of various organisms to characterize the toxic effects of the five TPs. The organisms included freshwater species (freshwater nematodes, snails, shrimp, and freshwater fish), marine species (marine nematodes, mussels, crab, and marine fish), and soil species (soil nematodes, springtails, earthworms, and spiders). A multilevel empowerment method was used to determine the bio-toxicity of the TPs in various environmental media. A coupled-normalization method–principal-component analysis–factor-analysis weighting method—was used to calculate the weights of the TP toxicity (first level) categories. The results revealed that the TPs were the most biologically neurotoxic to three environmental media (20.79% and 10.57% higher compared with developmental and reproductive toxicity, respectively). Regarding the effects of TPs on organisms in various environmental media (second level), using a subjective empowerment approach, a gradual increase in toxicity was observed with increasing trophic levels due to the enrichment of TPs and the feeding behavior of organisms. TPs had the greatest influence in the freshwater-environment organisms according to the subjective empowerment approach employed to weight the three environmental media (third level). Therefore, using the minimum-value method coupled with the feature-aggregation method, the interval-deflation method coupled with the entropy-weighting method, and the standard-deviation normalization method, the three toxicity characteristics of SBR in three environmental media and four organisms were determined. SBR was found to have the greatest impact on the overall toxicity of the freshwater environment (12.38% and 9.33% higher than the marine and soil environments, respectively). The greatest contribution to neurotoxicity (26.01% and 15.95% higher than developmental and reproductive toxicity, respectively) and the greatest impact on snails and shrimp among organisms in the freshwater environment were observed. The causes of the heterogeneity of SBR’s toxicity were elucidated using amino-acid-residue analysis. SBR primarily interacted with toxic receptors through van der Waals, hydrophobic, π-π, and π-sigma interactions, and the more stable the binding, the more toxic the effect. The toxicity characteristics of TMPs to various organisms in different environments identified in this paper provide a theoretical basis for subsequent studies on the prevention and control of TMPs in the environment.

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“… 3 Various economic and environmental problems were aggravated due to the increasing quantity of WTs and inappropriate recycling methods in the long term. 4 − 7 Therefore, it is significant for WT disposal to explore effective, profitable, and environmentally friendly methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was predicted that the number of waste tires (WTs) would exceed 1.6 billion in 2024, and the increase would reach 20% by 2030 . Various economic and environmental problems were aggravated due to the increasing quantity of WTs and inappropriate recycling methods in the long term. − Therefore, it is significant for WT disposal to explore effective, profitable, and environmentally friendly methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Assessment of Waste Tire Pyrolysis and Upgrading Pathways for Production of High-Value Products

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

ACS Omega

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Waste tire pyrolysis has received increasing attention as a promising technology recently due to the shortage of fossil resources and the severity of environmental impact. In this study, the process of waste tire pyrolysis and upgrading to obtain high-value products was simulated by Aspen Plus. Also, based on life cycle assessment, the indexes of energy, environmental, economic, and comprehensive performance were proposed to evaluate different high-value pathways. Results demonstrate that the integrated system of waste tire pyrolysis, pyrolytic oil (TPO) refining, and pyrolytic carbon black (CBp) modification has higher energy efficiency than the independent system of TPO refining, with an improvement rate of 2.6%. Meanwhile, the resource-environmental performance of the integrated system is better. However, combined with the economic benefit, the independent system is more comprehensively beneficial, with the index of comprehensive performance (BEECR) of 0.94, which increases by 3.3% compared with the integrated system. Furthermore, the comparisons of different improved high-value paths based on the independent system as the benchmark indicate that the pathway of promoting sulfur conversion during pyrolysis to reduce the sulfur content in TPO can increase the BEECR from 0.94 to 1.064, with the growth of 13.2%. Also, the physical modification of CBp to reduce the production cost and environmental impact has better performance of BEECR, increasing by 20.2%. The final sensitivity analyses show that the combined improved high-value case established by the abovementioned two paths can achieve a favorable benefit in a wide range of crude oil and waste tire prices and the environmental tax.

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Valorization of waste tire by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction: a mini-review

Cited by 25 publications

References 63 publications

Characterization of Biocrude Produced by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Municipal Sewage Sludge in a 500 mL Batch Reactor

Characterization of Biocrude Produced by Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Municipal Sewage Sludge in a 500 mL Batch Reactor

Exploring the Potential Hormonal Effects of Tire Polymers (TPs) on Different Species Based on a Theoretical Computational Approach

Integrated Assessment of Waste Tire Pyrolysis and Upgrading Pathways for Production of High-Value Products

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