The transcription factor FOXO1 regulates cell function and is expressed in dendritic cells (DC). We investigated the role of FOXO1 in activating DCs to stimulate a lymphocyte response to bacteria. We show that bacteria induce FOXO1 nuclear localization through the MAP kinase pathway and identify for the first time that FOXO1 is needed for dendritic cell activation of lymphocytes in vivo. This occurs through FOXO1 regulation of DC phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and DC-lymphocyte binding. FOXO1 induces DC activity by regulating ICAM-1 and CCR7. FOXO1 binds to the CCR7 and ICAM-1 promoters, stimulates CCR7 and ICAM-1 transcriptional activity and regulates their expression. This is functionally important since transfection of DC from FOXO1 deleted CD11c.Cre+FOXO1L/L mice with an ICAM-1 expressing plasmid rescues the negative effect of FOXO1 deletion on DC bacterial phagocytosis and chemotaxis. Rescue with both CCR7 and ICAM-1 reverses impaired DC homing to lymph nodes in vivo when FOXO1 is deleted. Moreover, antibody production following injection of bacteria is significantly reduced with lineage specific FOXO1 ablation. Thus FOXO1 coordinates up-regulation of DC activity through key downstream target genes that are needed for DC to stimulate T and B lymphocytes and generate an antibody defense to bacteria.
The porous binary In(2)O(3)-CeO(2) oxides nanotubes (NTs) in cubic phase were first fabricated by electrospinning (ESP) method and characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, XPS and UV-vis absorption techniques. By adjusting the In(2)O(3) and CeO(2) molar ratio, the out diameters and wall thicknesses of the final composites were tuned ranging of 90-180 nm and 15-9 nm, respectively. The band gap of the binary oxides gradually decreases, and the ratio of Ce(3+) to Ce(4+) increases with the increase of CeO(2), implying that surface oxygen vacancies gradually increase. The gas sensing test reveals that when the content of CeO(2) is appropriate, the as fabricated In(2)O(3)-CeO(2) NTs could be bifunctional gas sensors to detect H(2)S at low temperature(25-110 °C) while acetone at relative high temperature (300 °C). The In(75)Ce(25) NTs sensor is an optimum one, which exhibits the highest response of 498 to H(2)S at 80 °C and the highest response of 30 to acetone at 300 °C. In contrast to the pure In(2)O(3) sensor, the response and recovery times, as well as the sensing reaction barrier height, for In(75)Ce(25) both degrade considerably. The above temperature-dependent sensing properties were attributed to two different gas sensing mechanisms, sulfuration at low temperature and adsorption at high temperature.
Plasmonic materials with large chiroptical activity at visible wavelength have attracted considerable attention due to their potential applications in metamaterials. Here we demonstrate a novel guest-host chiral nematic liquid crystal film composed of bulk self-co-assembly of the dispersed plasmonic silver nanowires (AgNWs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). The AgNWs-CNCs composite films show strong plasmonic optical activities, that are dependent on the chiral photonic properties of the CNCs host medium and orientation of the guest AgNWs. Tunable chiral distribution of the aligned anisotropic AgNWs with long-range order is obtained through the CNCs liquid crystal mediated realignment. The chiral plasmonic optical activity of the AgNWs-CNCs composite films can be tuned by changing the interparticle electrostatic repulsion between the CNCs nanorods and AgNWs. We also observe an electromagnetic energy transfer phenomena among the plasmonic bands of AgNWs, due to the modulation of the photonic band gap of the CNCs host matrix. This facile approach for fabricating chiral macrostructured plasmonic materials with optically tunable property is of interest for a variety of advanced optics applications.
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