Valorization of papaya (Carica papaya L.) agroindustrial waste through the recovery of phenolic antioxidants by supercritical fluid extraction

Abstract

In this work, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) for the recovery of phenolic antioxidants from papaya agroindustrial waste (seeds) was explored, making use of neat supercritical CO 2 and CO 2 added with ethanol (CO 2-EtOH). A full factorial design played on in order to evaluate the effect of CO 2 extraction parameters (temperature between 40 and 60°C, and pressure between 10 and 30 MPa) on yield and total phenols content (TPC), then ethanol was applied as a co-solvent and its effect on the recovery of phenolics was analyzed. The SFE was compared to the conventional extraction using ethanol. The antioxidant activity of all extracts was evaluated, and the phenolic composition in selected extracts was assessed by HPLC-ESI-MS. The highest extraction yields (21.02-26.46%) and TPC (15.34-34.23 mgGAE/g) were found in extracts obtained with CO 2-EtOH and ethanol. Good and selective phenolic recovery was obtained by using CO 2-EtOH, (44.81% of TPC recovered). The CO 2-EtOH extracts showed high radical scavenging activity and higher antioxidant effect against lipid oxidation. Some phenolic acids and flavonoids were observed in the extracts with better antioxidants properties. The results showed that SFE is a suitable green technology for the phenolic recovery from papaya agroindustrial waste, and also an alternative for its valorization.

Cosmeceutical Potential of Major Tropical and Subtropical Fruit By-Products for a Sustainable Revalorization

“…Different parts of this plant are used as a treatment for various ailments, such as asthma, eczema, diabetes or ulcers, as well as for wound healing, cardiovascular diseases and cancer [ 145 ]. The agro-industrial waste of papaya, in particular the papaya seed, is a good source of antioxidant compounds for being rich in phenolic compounds, such as benzyl isothiocyanate, glucosinolates, tocopherols, B-cryptoxanthin, b-carotene and carotenoids [ 82 ]. In turn, the leaves from the papaya tree have a high content of dietary fiber and polyphenolic compounds, such as flavonoids (kaempferol and myricetin), alkaloids (carpaine, pseudocarpaine and dehydrocarpain I and II), saponins, proanthocyanins, tocopherol, lycopene and benzyl isothiocyanate [ 146 ].…”

Quercetin: A Bioactive Compound Imparting Cardiovascular and Neuroprotective Benefits: Scope for Exploring Fresh Produce, Their Wastes, and By-Products

“…Among the fruit seed wastes, grape seeds are reported to be rich in polyphenols, resveratrol, quercetin, and other flavonoid compounds, which are confirmed to impart cardiovascular protective effects [309]. In papaya seeds, quercetin and quercetin 3-O-glycoside have been isolated [310]. Furthermore, seeds of Theobroma grandiflorum (a tree related to cacao) are reported to be a rich source of bioactive sulfated flavonoid glycosides, quercetin, quercetin 3-O-D-glucuronide, and other polyphenolic compounds [311].…”

Extraction and Characterization of the Polar Lipid Fraction of Blackberry and Passion Fruit Seeds Oils Using Supercritical Fluid Extraction

“…Several bioactive phenolic compounds have been widely described in the fruit seeds (Fazio et al 2013;Caruso et al 2015;De Santana et al 2017;Castro-Vargas et al 2019;Ballesteros-Vivas et al 2019b;Narváez-Cuenca et al 2020); however, the objective of this work was to apply selective SFE extraction conditions to obtain the polar lipid fraction of the seeds. Therefore, the SFE extracts of blackberry and passion fruit seeds were further investigated by LC-DAD-MS to evaluate the non-co-extraction of other kind of compounds like more polar phenolic compounds.…”