Cosmeceutical Potential of Major Tropical and Subtropical Fruit By-Products for a Sustainable Revalorization

Abstract

The increasing production of tropical fruits followed by their processing results in tons of waste, such as skins or seeds. However, these by-products have been reported to be rich in bioactive compounds (BACs) with excellent properties of interest in the cosmeceutical industry: antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and photoprotective properties. This review summarizes the tropical fruits most produced worldwide, their bioactive composition and the most important and studied therapeutic properties that their by-products can contribute to skin health, as well as the different approaches for obtaining these compounds using techniques by conventional (Soxhlet, liquid-liquid extraction or maceration) and non-conventional extractions (supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and two-phase aqueous system), followed by their identification by HPLC-MS or GC-MS analysis. Moreover, this work encompasses several studies that may prove the effects of seeds and skins from tropical fruits against oxidative stress, hyperpigmentation, acne, aging or UV radiation. Therefore, the investigation of functional components present in tropical fruit by-products under a circular bioeconomy model could be of great interest for the cosmeceutical industry and a very promising option for obtaining new cosmeceutical formulations.

Micro-Encapsulation of Phytochemicals in Passion Fruit Peel Waste Generated on an Organic Farm: Effect of Carriers on the Quality of Encapsulated Powders and Potential for Value-Addition

“…The total phenolic content encapsulation efficiency (EE) was calculated as the ratio between the total polyphenols in the reconstituted PFPP and PFPE (without carrier), according to Equation (6).…”

“…Passion fruit juice production is a viable and rapidly growing industry that generates huge quantities of by-products such as seeds and peels, which contribute to 27% and 50% of the total fruit’s weight [ 6 ]. The generated biowaste, if not reused or managed well, may become an environmental liability.…”

Neuroprotective Effects of Agri-Food By-Products Rich in Phenolic Compounds

“…In the case of Ortega-Arellano et al (2019), avocado peel showed high amounts of B-type procyanidins (dimers, trimers and tetramers), flavanols monomers and chlorogenic acids, which were responsible for the neuroprotective effect on Drosophila melanogaster species [ 22 ]. In this regard, the food industry has focused in recent years on reusing by-products as a method of promoting bio-circular economy and reducing contamination, since food waste generates 8% of the global greenhouse gas emissions [ 23 ]. Therefore, the use of phenolics would not only provide an alternative way to prevent or treat neuropathologies, but also would establish an important strategy for the revalorization of agri-food waste.…”

Development of an Effective Sonotrode Based Extraction Technique for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds with Antioxidant Activities in Cherimoya Leaves

“…Concretely, cherimoya leaves are currently ingredients used in traditional medicine preparations and folk teas for the treatment of gastric, intestinal, cardiovascular, skin, and eye diseases [ 13 ]. These beneficial properties are due in part to their content in phenolic compounds which possess antioxidant activities [ 5 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ] that could be exploited by the food, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industries. Nevertheless, the bioactive properties of these phenolic compounds in cherimoya leaves have been poorly explored.…”