Valorization of FGD and Bauxite Residue in Sulfobelite Cement Production

Kamitsou, Maria D.; Kanellopoulou, Dimitra G.; Christogerou, Angeliki; Kostagiannakopoulou, C.; Kostopoulos, V.; Angelopoulos, G.N.

doi:10.1007/s12649-020-01055-9

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In order to find the optimum firing temperature and heating profile of the clinkers (P 65A and P 71A ), preliminary firing tests were performed at different temperatures and heating profiles. The optimum heating profile, for each temperature (Figure 1), was determined based on the best clinkerization process which was indicated by the lowest value of free calcium oxide [36,37] and the developed microstructure. The evaluation of these findings led to the conclusion that the major phases of clinker can be formed at temperatures lower than the normal of OPC.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, soaking time at 1450 • C was 50 min while at 1340 • C was 40 min. To stabilize the α H -and β-belite polymorphic forms, the clinkers were cooled rapidly by simultaneous application of air and crushing by a hammer [22,28,[37][38][39]. The obtained clinkers were studied in two forms: as half pieces of the fired pellets for microscopy observations and as powders for all the other tests.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature

et al. 2022

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Portland cement is the most common type of cement and one of the most important ingredients in concrete. Concrete, on the other hand, is the most used building material worldwide just behind the water with an increasing usage trend in infrastructure for the upcoming years. During the production process of cement, massive CO2 emissions are released into the environment, while large amounts of raw materials and energy are consumed. In the present study, Portland type cement was prepared in laboratory-scale by Greek Wet Fly Ash and Mill Scales, as well as conventional raw materials such as limestone, shale and lava. The experiments were conducted at 1450 °C and 1340 °C. The fired compositions were characterized by XRD, Q–XRD, optical microscopy, SEM/EDS and the concrete specimens were tested for their compressive strength. The results indicated that formation of cement clinker at lower temperatures (1340 °C) is feasible with the combined use of natural raw materials and industrial byproducts following the standard production route of cement industries. Finally, the so-obtained cement presented compressive strength values comparable to the conventional ones fired at 1450 °C.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature

et al. 2022

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“…The final heating temperatures were 1300 • C, 1330 • C and1350 • C respectively Six yeelimite samples were obtained, which are presented in Table 1. To stabilize the formed crystals, the so-obtained samples were cooled rapidly by blasting air and simultaneous crushing by a hammer [1,9]. The so-obtained samples were brittle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yeelimite ((CaO) 4 (Al 2 O 3 ) 3 SO 3 ), also called "Klein's salt", is one of the main components of sulfobelite (SB), calcium sulfoalouminate (CSA) and occasionally occurs in Portland-type cements [1][2][3][4][5]. CSA and SB cements can be promising alternatives to ordinary Portland cement (OPC), especially in the view of sustainable development and the circular economy [1,5], as their production requires less energy and produces less CO 2 emissions compared to OPC [1,2,5,6]. In order to study and interpret the hydration behavior of these "eco-friendly" cements, their individual components should be studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary, Bullerjahn et al [9] formed stoichiometric yeelimite of 87.9 wt.% purity at 1250 • C and a soaking time of 3 h, followed by rapid cooling. In the present case, the typical procedure applied for OPC cement production [1,2] was followed. In addition, successful preparation of yeelimite by solid-state reaction(s) requires intermediate grinding steps and relatively high-temperature firings (at or even above 1250 • C) [6,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Formation, Characterization and SEM Microanalysis of Yeelimite

Kamitsou

Kostakopoulos

Kanellopoulou

et al. 2022

International Conference on Raw Materials and Circular Economy

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Yeelimite is one of the main components of SulfoBelite (SB) and Calcium SulfoAluminate cements which are promising low carbon alternatives to Portland ones. In this study, stoichiometric yeelimite, obtained at different temperatures, was characterized by XRD, Q-XRD and SEM-EDS. Additionally, mortars of the synthetic yeelimite, with and without standard sand, were studied in terms of the development of strength over time. The main result is that high yeelimite content samples were prepared by mixing stoichiometric quantities of analytical-grade raw materials at 1330 °C for 3 h soaking time, followed by rapid cooling. Moreover, an increase in the formed yeelimite results in increased strength values that meet the requirements to be classified at CEM 32.5.

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