Validity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting and Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Sorting Tests in multiple sclerosis

Parmenter, Brett A.; Zivadinov, Robert; Kerenyi, Laura; Gavett, Rebecca; Weinstock‐Guttman, Bianca; Dwyer, Michael G.; Garg, Neeta; Munschauer, Frederick E.; Benedict, Ralph H. B.

doi:10.1080/13803390600672163

Cited by 83 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…The MS Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire (MSNQ) has shown some promise in identifying patients at higher risk for neuropsychological and neuropsychiatric disorder , although only the informant or caregiver-report version is sufficiently sensitive and specific for targeting patients with cognitive impairment O'Brien et al 2007). Alternatively, single tests, which are easily administered and have strong concurrent validity such as the SDMT have been proposed to screen for cognitive impairment in patients with MS (Deloire et al 2006;Parmenter et al 2007c). This latter approach also has potential for SLE given that similar tests also have high sensitivity with the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The clinical tests recommended to assess this domain by both the Rao (Rao 1990(Rao , 1992Rao et al 1991a) and MACFIMS (Benedict et al 2002b) groups are the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) and the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT). The SDMT has proven to be the more sensitive (Parmenter et al 2007c) and reliable (Benedict 2005) in recent research. The SDMT is a visual test, and it is possible that its sensitivity is due, in part, to afferent or sensory dysfunction in MS.…”

Section: Comparison With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We acknowledge that there are many tests that involve more than one modality. Because the Wechsler intelligence scales (Wechsler 1997) are often regarded as less sensitive to cerebral disease than most other neuropsychological tests, they were not included in the effect size calculations, except the Digit-Symbol subtest due to its similarity to the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT; Smith 1982), which has established sensitivity in MS (Benedict et al 2006c;Parmenter et al 2007c) as will be seen below. In the domain of language we included tests emphasizing the rate or fluency of oral/verbal expression, such as the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT; Benton and Hamsher 1989).…”

Section: Analysis Of Effect Size Across Cognitive Domains In Slementioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2008

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In this manuscript, we review literature describing the neuropsychological and brain imaging characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The findings are compared and contrasted with multiple sclerosis (MS) studies, revealing similarities and differences of interest to clinicians and researchers. While cognitive impairment is somewhat less common in SLE than MS, the diseases share a similar cognitive profile with deficits most prominent on tests emphasizing the speed of information processing, working memory, and visual/spatial learning, and memory. In early or more mildly affected patients, diffuse white matter damage, which may not be apparent on conventional brain imaging, plays a major role in clinical presentation and cognitive testing. The causes of white matter damage are very different, however, and in later stages of the disease MS and SLE appear to give rise to different forms of cerebral pathology. MS may be characterized by increasing brain atrophy affecting especially the cortical and deep gray matter, at least after conversion to secondary progressive course. There is less evidence for neurodegenerative changes in SLE, but patients are increasingly at risk for cerebrovascular disease. We conclude by offering some suggestions for future clinical and imaging research. KeywordsSystemic lupus erythematosus; Multiple sclerosis; Cognition; Memory; Processing speed; MRI; Effect size Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a relapsing-remitting autoimmune disease with wide ranging organ involvement and clinical symptoms varying from mild and transient symptoms to death. Cognitive impairment is reported in SLE, even among those patients without documented or overt signs of central nervous system (CNS) involvement. Presumably, cognitive disorder is the result of underlying brain disease although the precise mechanisms remain to be elucidated. The prevalence and degree of cognitive impairment is also uncertain.In this article we will endeavor to evaluate the evidence for neuropsychological impairment in SLE, and to compare the findings with that of MS, another immunological disorder whose symptoms wax and wane and which affects women more than men. Unlike SLE, MS is a disease that always impacts the CNS, and the causes of cognitive disorder in MS are better understood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Analysis Of Effect Size Across Cognitive Domains In Slementioning

confidence: 99%

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Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

et al. 2008

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“…Furthermore, considering that planning to achieve a goal focuses on the orbitofrontal area [46], that cognitive flexibility occurs in dorsolateral area [32,33,38,40] and that the results suggest difficulties in sequential thinking, that is, establishing relationships between events and making common sense judgments (especially when understanding some concepts and social practices), it should be taken into consideration that people with either AN or BN have trouble with decision making, and the acquisition and use of an attribution system to interpret the intentions of others [49], especially if it is taken into account that some studies with AN patients [52,53], designed to assess the theory of mind, have obtained similar results to those obtained in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is designed to measure cognitive flexibility, abstract reasoning skills and the development and maintenance of strategies to achieve a goal [32,33]. In the Latin American population, it has been validated with a reliability of 0.82 [34].…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropsychological Functioning in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Sánchez¹,

Gutiérrez²

2017

Eating Disorders - A Paradigm of the Biopsychosocial Model of Illness

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Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are eating disorders in which a wide range of neuropsychological alterations are exhibited; however, the neuropsychology of bulimia nervosa has been poorly studied, and inconsistency has been found in results from different studies. Therefore, the aim of this chapter is to evaluate the differences in the neuropsychological functioning among women with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa and with no eating disorders. Seventy-two women participated in this study: 18 with anorexia nervosa, 24 with bulimia nervosa and 30 without any eating disorder; all of them answered the neuropsychological version of the Wechsler Adults Intelligence Scale-III (WAIS-III), the Rey Complex Figure Test, the Tower of London Task and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Overall, the results showed similar difficulties in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa groups, such as in the visuoconstructive process, executive functioning (specifically in planning skills to achieve a goal, cognitive flexibility and working memory), in selective attention and in nonverbal reasoning and common sense judgment when facing complex problems. These findings open the possibility to reformulate intervention programs for management of bulimia nervosa and consider the use of cognitive remediation therapy, which is already used in anorexia nervosa with a good prognosis.

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Patterns of Clinically Significant Cognitive Impairment in Hoarding Disorder

et al. 2015

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OBJECTIVES The cognitive characteristics of individuals with Hoarding Disorder (HD) are not well understood. Existing studies are relatively few and somewhat inconsistent but suggest that individuals with HD may have specific dysfunction in the cognitive domains of categorization, speed of information processing, and decision-making. However, there have been no studies evaluating the degree to which cognitive dysfunction in these domains reflects clinically significant cognitive impairment (CI). METHODS Participants included 78 individuals who met DSM-V criteria for HD and 70 age- and education-matched controls. Cognitive performance on measures of memory, attention, information processing speed, abstract reasoning, visuospatial processing, decision-making, and categorization ability was evaluated for each participant. Rates of clinical impairment for each measure were compared, as were age and education corrected raw scores for each cognitive test. RESULTS HD participants showed greater incidence of CI on measures of visual memory, visual detection, and visual categorization relative to controls. Raw score comparisons between groups showed similar results with HD participants showing lower raw score performance on each of these measures. In addition, in raw score comparisons HD participants also demonstrated relative strengths compared to control participants on measures of verbal and visual abstract reasoning. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that HD is associated with a pattern of clinically significant CI in some visually mediated neurocognitive processes including visual memory, visual detection, and visual categorization. Additionally these results suggest HD individuals may also exhibit relative strengths, perhaps compensatory, in abstract reasoning in both verbal and visual domains.

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Validity of the Wisconsin Card Sorting and Delis–Kaplan Executive Function System (DKEFS) Sorting Tests in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 83 publications

References 29 publications

Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychological Impairment in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Comparison with Multiple Sclerosis

Neuropsychological Functioning in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa

Patterns of Clinically Significant Cognitive Impairment in Hoarding Disorder

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