Validity of the patient health questionnaire-9 to screen for depression in a high-HIV burden primary healthcare clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

Cholera, Rushina; Gaynes, Bradley N.; Pence, Brian W.; Bassett, Jean; Qangule, N.; MacPhail, Catherine; Bernhardt, Shelley; Pettifor, Audrey; Miller, William C.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.06.003

Cited by 177 publications

(172 citation statements)

References 47 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…By analyzing the validation studies, the authors have found statistically significant heterogeneity among the reported results, depending on the different methodologies used in the validation process. Nonetheless, in agreement with the results of previous reviews [101], the authors concluded that all short validated instruments, including both short (e.g., Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) [102] and Kessler-10 (K-10) [103]) and long instruments (e.g., Center of Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) [104]) showed moderate to high accuracy and were equally recommended. …”

Section: Diagnosis Of Depression In Hiv-infected Patientssupporting

confidence: 84%

Depression in HIV Infected Patients: a Review

Nanni

Caruso

Mitchell

et al. 2014

Curr Psychiatry Rep

386

281

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Depression is the most common neuropsychiatric complication in HIV-infected patients and may occur in all phases of the infection. Accurately, diagnosing major depressive disorder in the context of HIV is an ongoing challenge to clinicians and researchers, being complicated by the complex biological, psychological, and social factors associated with the HIV illness. Evidences exist to support the importance of improving the identification of depressive symptoms and their adequate treatment. Depression has long been recognized as a predictor of negative clinical outcomes in HIV-infected patients, such as reducing medication adherence, quality of life, and treatment outcome, and possibly worsening the progression of the illness and increasing mortality. By analyzing the most relevant studies (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycLit, Cochrane Library), the review discusses the epidemiology and the main clinical features of depression in HIV-infected patients, the causal pathways linking depression and HIV infection, the validity of screening tools, and the efficacy of different treatment approaches, including psychosocial interventions, psychopharmacology as well as HIV-specific health psychology health service models.

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Section: Diagnosis Of Depression In Hiv-infected Patientssupporting

confidence: 84%

Depression in HIV Infected Patients: a Review

Nanni

Caruso

Mitchell

et al. 2014

Curr Psychiatry Rep

386

281

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…A short form Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) score of ten or more was used as the standard cut‐off indicating major depressive symptoms 25. The PHQ‐9 has been previously validated for use among all ages of the South African population 26, 27, 28.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High prevalence of HIV and non‐communicable disease (NCD) risk factors in rural KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa

et al. 2017

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IntroductionSouth Africa faces epidemics of HIV and non‐communicable diseases (NCDs). The aim of this study was to characterize the prevalence of non‐communicable disease risk factors and depression, stratified by HIV status, in a community with a high burden of HIV.MethodsWe conducted a home‐based HIV counselling and testing study in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa between November 2011 and June 2012. Contiguous households were approached and all adults ≥18 years old were offered an HIV test. During follow‐up visits in January 2015, screening for HIV, depression, obesity, blood glucose, cholesterol and blood pressure were conducted using point‐of‐care tests.ResultsOf the 570 participants located and screened; 69% were female and 33% were HIV‐positive. NCD risk factor prevalence was high in this sample; 71% were overweight (body mass index (BMI) 25 to 29.9 kg/m2) or obese (BMI≥30 kg/m2), 4% had hyperglycaemia (plasma glucose >11.0 mmol/l/200 mg/dl), 33% had hypertension (HTN, >140/90 mmHg), 20% had hyperlipidaemia (low density cholesterol >5.2 mmol/l/193.6 mg/dl) and 12% had major depressive symptoms (nine item Patient Health Questionnaire ≥10). Of the 570 participants, 87% had one or more of HIV, hyperglycaemia, HTN, hyperlipidaemia and/or depression. Over half (56%) had two or more. Older age and female gender were significantly associated with the prevalence of both HIV infection and NCD risk factors. Around 80% of both HIV‐positive and negative persons had one of the measured risk factors (i.e. obesity, hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidaemia, HTN), or depression.ConclusionsIn a community‐based sample of adults in KwaZulu‐Natal, South Africa, the prevalence of both HIV infection and NCD risk factors were high. This study is among the first to quantify the substantial burden of NCD risk factors and depression in this non‐clinic based population.

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“…All participants completed a 30–45 min interviewer-administered questionnaire which included demographics, HIV and reproductive health histories, sexual health, mental health (assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire-9),18 19 stigma metrics and engagement in HIV-related care. Stigma metrics were evaluated using a previously validated index covering various stigma factors, including enacted stigma, enacted healthcare stigma, perceived healthcare stigma, stigma from family and friends and stigma from the police 20.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%