Validity of Derived Measurements of Leg-Length Differences Obtained by Use of a Tape Measure

Beattie, Paul; Isaacson, Kale; Riddle, Daniel L.; Rothstein, Jules M

doi:10.1093/ptj/70.3.150

Cited by 125 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…While using a tape measure is an easy, safe, and noninvasive means of assessing LLD, it is less reliable when compared to radiographic techniques such as a scanogram [7,8,10,43]. The average of two tape measurements of the distance between the ASIS and medial malleolus appears to have acceptable validity and reliability when used as a screening tool for assessing LLD [14].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite high interobserver reliability of the true (ICC, 0.99) and apparent (ICC, 0.88) methods of clinically assessing LLD, the concordance between the true measurement and radiographic assessment (ICC, 0.80) and apparent method and radiographic assessment (ICC, 0.75) was lower. In a prospective study of 10 adults with LLD and nine asymptomatic volunteers, Beattie et al [7] compared the variability of measurements using tape measure with a scanogram. A single examiner examined the LLD of all 19 subjects using a tape measure from the ASIS to medial malleolus on two separate occasions and compared the clinical results with those obtained using a scanogram.…”

Section: Clinical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Sabharwal

Kumar

2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

285

211

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The use of accurate and reliable clinical and imaging modalities for quantifying leg-length discrepancy (LLD) is vital for planning appropriate treatment. While there are several methods for assessing LLD, we questioned how these compared. We therefore evaluated the reliability and accuracy of the different methods and explored the advantages and limitations of each method. Based on a systematic literature search, we identified 42 articles dealing with various assessment tools for measuring LLD. Clinical methods such as use of a tape measure and standing blocks were noted as useful screening tools, but not as accurate as imaging modalities. While several studies noted that the scanogram provided reliable measurements with minimal magnification, a full-length standing AP computed radiograph (teleoroentgenogram) is a more comprehensive assessment technique, with similar costs at less radiation exposure. We recommend use of a CT scanogram, especially the lateral scout view in patients with flexion deformities at the knee. Newer modalities such as MRI are promising but need further investigation before being routinely employed for assessment of LLD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Clinical Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Sabharwal

Kumar

2008

Clinical Orthopaedics &Amp; Related Research

285

211

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“…Tape measures have routinely been used to assess LLD in clinical practice (44 -47). Contrary to the findings of this review, the validity of this technique has been demonstrated in other populations, including in people with lower back pain and in healthy people (48,49). It is possible that the use of a single tape measurement of LLD in the study included in this review may have influenced the validity of this test, since it previously has been recommended that a mean score from 2 trials be used for measuring LLD (48).…”

Section: Dobson Et Almentioning

confidence: 56%

Clinimetric properties of observer‐assessed impairment tests used to evaluate hip and groin impairments: A systematic review

Dobson¹,

Choi²,

Hall³

et al. 2012

Arthritis Care & Research

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Objective. To recommend the most suitable observer-assessed impairment tests in people with hip and/or groin pathologies by conducting a systematic review of the clinimetric properties of these tests. Methods. Electronic searches were performed in the Cochrane, PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, SPORTDiscus, and PsycINFO databases up to August 2011. Two reviewers independently rated the measurement properties of clinical tests of impairments, defined by the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health as problems in body structure or body function, using the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN). "Best evidence synthesis" was made using COSMIN outcomes and the quality of findings was assessed using a purpose criteria system. Results. Fifteen of 2,588 publications were eligible for inclusion. Impairments evaluated were range of motion (ROM; 9 studies), muscle strength (6 studies), tenderness (3 studies), leg length discrepancy (2 studies), balance (2 studies), and muscle length (2 studies) in people with hip osteoarthritis (OA), hip fractures, and mixed hip/groin pathologies. Measurement properties evaluated included reliability, measurement error, construct validity, and criterion validity.

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“…Subjects included in this study did not have a history of low back pain, with no reports of osseous or joint injuries in the lower limbs (LL) in the six months that preceded the evaluation. Moreover, the subjects were excluded from this study when they had a real leg length discrepancy, as clinically measured 21 , and greater than one cm; had any inflammatory or chronic degenerative diseases, or demonstrated a body mass index (BMI) greater than 24.9 kg/m 2 on the day of the assessment. Finally, all subjects signed a formal consent form that was approved by the Ethics Committee on Research of the Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (n o : 321/2007), Juiz de Fora (MG), Brazil, and, when applicable, the consent form to the use of images.…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lower Limbs (LL) length measurements 21 With the subject positioned in supine position lying on a table, the examiner positioned himself besides the limb to be measured holding a 1.5 m tape measure with its extremity that initiated the marking between left hand's fi rst and second fi ngers, addressed cranially in relation to the subject. By palpation, the examiner ran his fi ngers anteriorly along the iliac crest to the ASIS and positioned the portion of the tape that initiated the marking over it.…”

Section: Instruments and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influência da porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo sobre a inclinação da pelve antes e depois da realização de um protocolo de fadiga

Alvim

Peixoto

Vicente

et al. 2010

Rev. bras. fisioter.

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Influences of the extensor portion of the gluteus maximus muscle on pelvic tilt before and after the performance of a fatigue protocolInfluência da porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo sobre a inclinação da pelve antes e depois da realização de um protocolo de fadiga AbstractIntroduction: There is a lack of data in the literature for determining the influences of the extensor portion of the gluteus maximus muscle on pelvic tilting and, thus, on lumbar stability. Objectives: To assess the influences of the extensor portion of the gluteus maximus muscle on pelvic tilt. Methods: Ten healthy young subjects were recruited, with a body mass index (BMI) below 24.9 kg/m 2 and leg length discrepancy below 1 cm. The BMI, pelvic perimeter and lower-limb lengths were assessed and, subsequently, the degrees of hemi-pelvic tilt and asymmetry between them were analyzed using lateral view photographs of the subjects in a standing position, using SAPO (Software for Postural Assessment). Next, fatigue was induced in the extensor portion of the gluteus maximus muscle on the dominant side, and after that the hemi-pelvic tilt and the asymmetry between the hemi-pelvises were reassessed. The Pearson r and Student t tests were conducted at the significance level of α=0.05. Results: There were no significant correlations between the confounding variables and asymmetry of the hemi-pelvic angles. There were significant changes in the hemi-pelvic angle of the dominant side (t=3.760; p=0.004). Conclusions: Fatigue in the extensor portion of the gluteus maximus muscle can generate increases in the tilt angle of the ipsilateral pelvis.Key words: gluteus maximus; fatigue; pelvic tilt. ResumoIntrodução: Há carência na literatura de dados que determinem qual a influência da porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo na inclinação da pelve no plano sagital e, portanto, na estabilidade lombar. Objetivos: Verificar a influência da porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo sobre a inclinação da pelve. Métodos: Foram recrutadas 10 voluntárias jovens, saudáveis, com índices de massa corpórea (IMC's) menores que 24,9 kg/m 2 e com dismetria real de membros inferiores (MMII) inferior a 1 cm. Foram avaliados o IMC, o perímetro pélvico e o comprimento dos MMII e, posteriormente, os graus de inclinação das hemipelves e a assimetria entre elas pela análise de uma fotografia em perfil ortostático usando o SAPO (Software para Avaliação Postural). Em seguida, a porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo do lado dominante foi induzido à fadiga, após a qual foram determinadas novamente a inclinação das hemipelves e a assimetria entre elas. Testes de Pearson r e teste t de student foram realizados no nível de significância α=0,05. Resultados: Não houve correlação entre as variáveis de confusão e a assimetria dos ângulos das hemipelves. O ângulo da hemipelve apresentou modificação significativa do lado dominante (t=3,760; p=0,004). Conclusões: A fadiga da porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo pode gerar um aumento do ângulo de inclinação da pelve homolatera...

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Validity of Derived Measurements of Leg-Length Differences Obtained by Use of a Tape Measure

Cited by 125 publications

References 9 publications

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Methods for Assessing Leg Length Discrepancy

Clinimetric properties of observer‐assessed impairment tests used to evaluate hip and groin impairments: A systematic review

Influência da porção extensora do músculo glúteo máximo sobre a inclinação da pelve antes e depois da realização de um protocolo de fadiga

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