Validity of bioelectrical impedance analysis in predicting total body water and adiposity among Senegalese school-aged children

Abstract

IntroductionChildhood obesity is currently a serious public health challenge in developing countries. Therefore, an accurate assessment of adiposity is required. The objective of this study was to validate BIA prediction equations for the assessment of total body water and adiposity or percentage of body fat for the first time in Senegalese school-aged children.MethodsOne-hundred-fifty-one (151) pupils who were 8–11 years old were randomly selected from four public schools in Dakar. The body composition measured by deuterium dilution method (DDM) was used as the reference method and compared to that predicted by BIA using a multi-frequency analyser. Stepwise backward multiple linear regression was performed to calculate TBW and %BF in a subsample, which were then validated in the rest of the sample. The Bland and Altman approach was used to assess the agreement between the two methods (bias and limits of agreement).ResultsFFM was higher in boys (24.6±6.9 kg) compared to girls (21.2±3.3 kg; P<0.001), and FM was lower in boys: 3.7 kg [0.9–26.4] compared to girls: 4.5 kg [1.7–22.7]. Overall, 11.3% of children presented excess adiposity (%BF >25% in boys, and >30% in girls) and 2.0% were obese according to WHO cut points for obesity (BMI z-score >+2.0). The equations developed were as follows: TBW = 0.376(Height2/Z50)-0.470 (sex) +0.076(weight) +0.065(height)-2.28.%BF = -1.10(height2/Z50) +3.14(sex)+1.57(weight)-4.347. These specific equations showed good precision and a low and non-significant mean bias (0.11 kg, P = 0.279; and 0.19 kg, P = 0.764) for TBW and %BF, respectively.ConclusionThe newly developed equations can be used as an accurate and alternative screening tool for the assessment of obesity among children in various settings.

Individualized body bioelectrical impedance parameters in newly diagnosed cancer children

“…Due to the close relationship between the electrical and physiological parameters of a biological tissue [8,21,22,34,44,58,59], changes of C t and Xc t may be related to those of the transmembrane potential and the membrane permeability of cancer cells [47]. In turn, these changes have been related to other alterations observed in cancer cells as high mitotic activity, increase in the electronegativity of the extracellular surface, changes in intracellular and extracellular ionic concentrations, breakdown of homeostasis of electronic transport in the cell membrane, the depletion of adenosine triphosphate, the failure of the contact inhibition mechanism, morphological changes, aggressiveness, metastatic capacity, among others [47,56,59]. This leads to an alteration of the body homeostasis in cancer patients.…”

Development of population-specific prediction equations for bioelectrical impedance analyses in Vietnamese children

“…To that end, we successfully developed a prediction equation that allows us to use BIA to obtain accurate estimates of FFM, FM and PBF in a sample of young children in Vietnam. The final equation that included (16,29,30) . Techniques to estimate body composition in children that are logistically simple for field and survey research have generally relied on skinfold measures and other anthropometric techniques (34,36) .…”

“…Still, a number of groups have published accurate prediction equations for paediatric uses of BIA (25)(26)(27) . Developing population-specific prediction equations for BIA is typically done (28)(29)(30) by comparing estimates against a 'gold standard', such as 2 H dilution or DXA to assess body composition. For example, DXA was used to develop a nationally representative BIA prediction equation for children in the USA (28) .…”

Consumption of African Indigenous Vegetables Improves Children’s body Fat Free Mass in Machakos County, Kenya

“…In a study on BMI verses DDIM for establishing childhood obesity prevalence in eight African countries it was reported that the prevalence of excessive fatness by DDIM was three times higher than that by BMI. Similarly the FFM and FM of Senegalese children aged 8-11 year were determined using DDIM to validate bioelectric impedance analysis in predicting total body water (TBW) and adiposity [13]. Deuterium enrichment in saliva samples of the children was measured using FTIR spectroscopy.…”