Validity and reliability of the IAT: Measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes

Rezaei, Ali Reza

doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.04.018

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

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“…There is considerable debate in the field regards the validity and predictive qualities of implicit measures with critical reviews and reanalyses showing weak or no association between implicit and explicit measures, and outcomes [39], [40]. Others demonstrate that non-attitudinal factors, such as, stimuli familiarity, cognitive ability, and fear of appearing racist also account for individual differences in IAT scores, that may in turn affect associations with outcome variables [39]–[43]. The implicit association test is also a conceptually difficult task for some to learn, and particularly the brief race-IAT used in the ANES which restricts training on this computerized measure [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racism, Gun Ownership and Gun Control: Biased Attitudes in US Whites May Influence Policy Decisions

et al. 2013

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ObjectiveRacism is related to policies preferences and behaviors that adversely affect blacks and appear related to a fear of blacks (e.g., increased policing, death penalty). This study examined whether racism is also related to gun ownership and opposition to gun controls in US whites.MethodThe most recent data from the American National Election Study, a large representative US sample, was used to test relationships between racism, gun ownership, and opposition to gun control in US whites. Explanatory variables known to be related to gun ownership and gun control opposition (i.e., age, gender, education, income, conservatism, anti-government sentiment, southern vs. other states, political identification) were entered in logistic regression models, along with measures of racism, and the stereotype of blacks as violent. Outcome variables included; having a gun in the home, opposition to bans on handguns in the home, support for permits to carry concealed handguns.ResultsAfter accounting for all explanatory variables, logistic regressions found that for each 1 point increase in symbolic racism there was a 50% increase in the odds of having a gun at home. After also accounting for having a gun in the home, there was still a 28% increase in support for permits to carry concealed handguns, for each one point increase in symbolic racism. The relationship between symbolic racism and opposition to banning handguns in the home (OR1.27 CI 1.03,1.58) was reduced to non-significant after accounting for having a gun in the home (OR1.17 CI.94,1.46), which likely represents self-interest in retaining property (guns).ConclusionsSymbolic racism was related to having a gun in the home and opposition to gun control policies in US whites. The findings help explain US whites’ paradoxical attitudes towards gun ownership and gun control. Such attitudes may adversely influence US gun control policy debates and decisions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racism, Gun Ownership and Gun Control: Biased Attitudes in US Whites May Influence Policy Decisions

et al. 2013

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“…La estabilidad temporal del IAT dependería de cambios personales, situacionales y ambientales (Rezaei, 2011). Por lo tanto, el IAT se podría concebir como una medida de estado debido a su sensibilidad frente a los cambios en el constructo estudiado, o bien, como una medida de rasgo -no confiable-como consecuencia de su propia susceptibilidad a los cambios en las fuentes de varianza que no dependen del constructo evaluado (e.g.…”

Section: Confiabilidad Del Iatunclassified

“…A pesar de las virtudes previamente señaladas, el IAT ha sido objeto de críticas que, impulsadas en la popularidad del instrumento, alertan sobre posibles problemas de validez Rezaei, 2011). El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión metodológica de las críticas que ha recibido el IAT.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…En comparación con los métodos directos tradicionales se subraya su capacidad para controlar las estrategias de auto-presentación que llevan a la alteración deliberada de las respuestas (Greenwald et al, 1998). En relación a otras medidas indirectas, el IAT muestra niveles de confiabilidad superiores y mejores resultados asociados al tamaño del efecto (Blair et al, 2015;Nosek, Greenwald, & Banaji, 2005;Bar-Anan & Nosek, 2014).A pesar de las virtudes previamente señaladas, el IAT ha sido objeto de críticas que, impulsadas en la popularidad del instrumento, alertan sobre posibles problemas de validez Rezaei, 2011). El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión metodológica de las críticas que ha recibido el IAT.…”

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El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

Tosi¹,

Ledesma²,

Poó³

et al. 2018

Rev Iberoam Diagn Ev

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ResumenLos modelos de cognición social implícita han hecho importantes aportes metodológicos a la investigación psicológica. Sobre la base de estos enfoques se han desarrollado las llamadas medidas "indirectas", cuyo ejemplo más representativo es el Test de Asociaciones Implícitas (IAT). Este trabajo se propone realizar una revisión del IAT atendiendo especialmente a las críticas recibidas en relación con su validez. Se analizan distintos problemas sobre su estructura interna, la naturaleza de los procesos subyacentes a las respuestas, y los posibles efectos contaminantes de otras variables. En cada caso, se realizan recomendaciones para su construcción y aplicación. Se espera que este trabajo incentive el uso adecuado del IAT en los países de habla hispana, donde el procedimiento se encuentra aún escasamente difundido. Palabras clave: cognición social implícita, medidas indirectas, Test de Asociaciones Implícitas, validez AbstractImplicit social cognition models gave relevant methodological inputs to psychological research. On the basis of these models the so called indirect measures have been developed, being the most representative of them the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The present paper is a revision of the research about the IAT, specially about the critics made of its validity. The paper analyzes different problems regarding its internal structure, the nature of the underlying processes, and the possible effects of confounding variables. Recommendations for the IAT construction and application are given. It is expected that this revision stimulate the correct use of the IAT in Spanish speaking countries where this procedure is scarcely spread. Keywords IntroducciónEn las últimas décadas el área de la cognición social implícita ha hecho aportes fundamentales en el desarrollo de instrumentos psicológicos (Hofmann, Gawronski, Gschwendner, Le, & Schmitt, 2005). Estas innovaciones metodológicas aportaron información novedosa y ampliaron las posibilidades de estudio para muchos constructos de interés (e.g. actitudes, estereotipos, autoconcepto). Las nuevas medidas denominadas indirectas, a diferencia de los métodos directos convencionales, ofrecieron la oportunidad de evaluar contenidos mentales implícitos a través del rendimiento en tareas de tiempo de respuesta (Blair, Dasgupta, & Glaser, 2015;Tello, Bravo, & Martínez, 2010). Una de las particularidades de estos métodos es que no dependen de la introspección y limitan la posibilidad de que los participantes controlen sus respuestas Egloff, Schwerdtfeger, & Schmukle, 2005).Aunque en la actualidad existen múltiples medidas indirectas, el Test de Asociación Implícita (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) es la prueba más reconocida (Bar-Anan & Nosek, 2014). El predominio del IAT en comparación con otras pruebas indirectas se evidencia en la cantidad de investigaciones que lo han empleado (Nosek, Howkins, & Frazier, 2011). Esta medida ha sido utilizada en muchas áreas de la disciplina, tales como psicología social, psicología de la personalidad, psicol...

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“…For example, a review by Nosek, Greenwald, and Banaji (2007) reported relatively strong internal consistencies for the IAT, particularly among a collection of studies on anxiety and self-esteem. A more recent study of the test-retest reliability of an ethnicity IAT (comparing Asian Americans and European Americans) revealed somewhat weak reliability (Rezaei, 2011). It appears that reliability data is variable overall and sparse in respect to Black/White racial attitudes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Exploring the Reliability and Convergent Validity of Implicit Racial Evaluations

Drake

2015

Behav. Soc. Iss.

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Racial evaluations have received considerable attention by researchers of implicit cognition, especially with the Implicit Association Test (IAT). The IAT measures associative biases in a relativistic manner, whereby attitudes toward a given racial category are compared to attitudes toward another. The Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) is a new behavior analytic measure of cognition that may provide a less relativistic and more specific measure of cognitive repertoires. The current study utilized a race IRAP to assess evaluative biases among a balanced sample of Black and White undergraduates. The race IRAP was administered twice in a row in conjunction with a collection of self-report measures of racial attitudes. Results for reliability and convergent validity were generally supportive. Furthermore, observed biases appeared to reflect positive in-group biases rather than derogatory attitudes toward the out-group, an effect that would not be apparent with a similarly configured race IAT. Future research may benefit from consideration of the evaluative content of the IRAP as well as the racial demographics for both the participants and the experimenters.

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Validity and reliability of the IAT: Measuring gender and ethnic stereotypes

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Racism, Gun Ownership and Gun Control: Biased Attitudes in US Whites May Influence Policy Decisions

Racism, Gun Ownership and Gun Control: Biased Attitudes in US Whites May Influence Policy Decisions

El Test De Asociaciones Implícitas (Implicit Association Test). Una Revisión Metodológica

Exploring the Reliability and Convergent Validity of Implicit Racial Evaluations

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