Introduction: Prostate adenocarcinoma (PAC) ranks sixth among the most common malignancies in the
world. Acute and chronic toxicities from radiotherapy depend on both the radiation dose and the
radiotherapy technique (RT), such as two-dimensional radiotherapy (2D-RT), three-dimensional conformal
radiotherapy (3D-CRT) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The aims of this study were to
identify the secondary effects of radiotherapy on patients with PAC and to correlate these effects with the
use of 2D-RT, 3D-RCT, or IMRT and with the use of other treatments, such as radical prostatectomy (RP)
and hormonal therapy (HT).
Methods: We selected 68 patients and collected data, such as age, type of health insurance, T and N staging,
and RT used, from their medical records. Through a semi-structured instrument, the patients were
interviewed about late side effects resulting from the RT treatment.
Results: Most patients underwent 2D-RT (50%), and the urinary tract was the most affected system. A late
effect of incontinence was related to the RP and RT treatments (P<0.05). Patients who underwent RP were
more likely to develop incontinence and leakage with coughing/sneezing (P<0.01). However, the prevalence
of secondary effects was not associated with a specific type of RT. Although bowel and sexual changes did
not show a relationship with a specific type of RT, sexual dysfunction had an association with bowel
alterations (P<0.05).
Conclusions: The use of both RP and RT increased the risk of effects on bladder function. These results
can contribute to the development of new research to improve RT, facilitating access to less harmful
techniques, and even mitigating undesirable effects.