Validation of Self-Reported Smoking Status Using Saliva Cotinine: A Rapid Semiquantitative Dipstick Method

Montalto, Norman J.; Wells, Wayne O.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-07-0189

Cited by 70 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Participants chose the day of the social gathering at a hookah lounge or at a home of a hookah smoker participant. NicAlert, a commercial semiquantitative instant saliva cotinine test, was used to validate nonsmoking status, and as a bogus pipeline technique (52)(53)(54). Non-smoking participants were informed about the purpose of the NicAlert test during the informed consent process.…”

Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background: Benzene is a human hematotoxicant and a leukemogen that causes lymphohematopoietic cancers, especially acute myelogenous leukemia. We investigated uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers attending hookah social events in naturalistic settings where hookah tobacco was smoked exclusively.Methods: We quantified S-phenylmercapturic acid (SPMA), a metabolite of benzene, in the urine of 105 hookah smokers and 103 non-smokers. Participants provided spot urine samples the morning of and the morning after attending an indoor hookah-only smoking social event at a hookah lounge or in a private home.Results: Urinary SPMA levels in hookah smokers increased significantly following a hookah social event (P < 0.001). This increase was 4.2 times higher after hookah lounge events (P < 0.001) and 1.9 times higher after home events (P ¼ 0.003). In non-smokers, urinary SPMA levels increased 2.6 times after hookah lounge events (P ¼ 0.055); however, similar urinary SPMA levels were detected before and after home events, possibly indicating chronic exposure to benzene (P ¼ 0.933).Conclusions: Our data provide the first evidence for uptake of benzene in hookah smokers and non-smokers exposed to hookah tobacco secondhand smoke at social events in private homes compared with their counterparts in hookah lounges. Hookah tobacco smoke is a source of benzene exposure, a risk factor for leukemia.Impact: Because there is no safe level of exposure to benzene, our results call for interventions to reduce or prevent hookah tobacco use, regulatory actions to limit hookah-related exposure to toxicants including benzene, initiate labeling of hookah-related products, and include hookah smoking in clean indoor air legislation. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 23(12); 2793-809. Ó2014 AACR.

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Section: Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Kassem

Jackson

Liles

et al. 2014

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…Participants who provided written, informed consent, completed a 1-hour "stop smoking class," scored Ͻ20 on the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), 17 and had a urine cotinine value higher than level 3 (Ն200 ng/mL) 18 were enrolled.…”

Section: Recruitment and Eligibility Screeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Efficacy of Auriculotherapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Fritz¹,

Carney²,

Steinmeyer³

et al. 2013

The Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine

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Background: Quitting smoking remains a challenge for almost one-third of the military veteran population. Alternatives to pharmacological therapies such as acupuncture, acupressure, and electrical stimulation have received minimal attention in research but have been widely reported to be popular and safe interventions for smoking cessation.Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 125 veterans was conducted to determine whether aural electrical stimulation (auriculotherapy) once a week for 5 consecutive weeks is associated with a higher rate of smoking abstinence are than observed with sham stimulation.Results: Auriculotherapy was found to be safe and largely free from significant side effects. However, there was no difference in the rate of smoking cessation between those participants who received true auriculotherapy and those who received sham auriculotherapy. The auriculotherapy group achieved a rate of 20.9% abstinence versus 17.9% for the placebo arm after 6 weeks. Conclusion:The results of this randomized, controlled clinical trial do not support the use of auriculotherapy to assist with smoking cessation. It is possible that a longer treatment duration, more frequent sessions, or other modifications of the intervention protocol used in this study may result in a different outcome. However, based on the results of this study, there is no evidence that auriculotherapy is superior to placebo when offered once a week for 5 weeks, as described in previous uncontrolled studies. ( Smoking is a major health hazard. Although the risk of smoking-related diseases and death decline sharply when smokers quit, 19% of Americans currently smoke.1 Rates of smoking are even higher among US military veterans, with about 1 in 3 current smokers.2 In keeping with the 2008 clinical guidelines for smoking cessation, veterans are asked about their smoking status annually and are offered group or individual counseling and either bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy to help them achieve smoking abstinence. 3,4 Both bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy have been found to be more effective than placebo or no treatment, 5,6 but they are ineffective in many cases. In fact, a meta-analysis of clinical trials found that bupropion and a nicotine patch result in abstinence in only 20% and 13% of participants, respectively.7 At the Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VAMC), varencline, a second-line medication with a reported 25% abstinence rate, is considered only after bupropion or nicotine replacement therapy or a combination of the two have failed, and then only after appropriate psychiatric and cardiovascular screening. [7][8][9][10][11][12] Alternatives to pharmacological therapies such as acupuncture, acupressure, and electrical stimulation have received minimal attention in the re- search but are used widely, and proponents of their use believe them to be effective and safe interventions for smoking. 13 However, a recent Cochrane review found little evidence from randomized controlled tria...

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“…However, both medications and intrinsic renal disease can alter excretion rates. Cotinine ELISA tests are readily available for use in clinical practice, and have been validated against GC and HPLC in both smokers and non-smokers [44,[46][47][48][49][50][51]. Results from these point-of-care tests are immediately available for use during patient counseling.…”

Section: Nicotine Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The clinical significance and reliability of self-reported smoking status in patients with intracranial aneurysms: A review

Davis

Broadwater

Amburgy

et al. 2015

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery

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Validation of Self-Reported Smoking Status Using Saliva Cotinine: A Rapid Semiquantitative Dipstick Method

Cited by 70 publications

References 17 publications

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

Benzene Uptake in Hookah Smokers and Non-smokers Attending Hookah Social Events: Regulatory Implications

The Efficacy of Auriculotherapy for Smoking Cessation: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

The clinical significance and reliability of self-reported smoking status in patients with intracranial aneurysms: A review

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