Validation of processed animal proteins (mono-PAPS) in experimental diets for juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurataL.) as primary fish meal replacers within a European perspective

Abstract

Experimental diets were formulated to evaluate a "pure" poultry meat meal (PMM) source in diets formulated for juvenile gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.). The digestible protein contribution of fish meal in a control diet was substituted by 25%, 50% and 75% of a processed poultry meat meal (PMM) on a digestible crude protein (DCP) basis and by 5% and 10% for an enzyme-treated feather meal (EFM) and also a spray-dried haemaglobin meal (SDHM), respectively. In a consecutive trial, diets were designed to assess the value of a "pure" (defatted) poultry protein substituting the fish meal (FM) protein content. Experimental diets included: a control diet, two test diets where 75% of FM was replaced by a full-fat PMM (PMM75) or a defatted grade of PMM (dPMM75) and two test diets where 50% of FM was substituted for defatted PMM (dPMM50) or a 50:50 blend of soya bean meal and defatted PMM (SBM/ dPMM) to produce a composite product. This soya bean/dPMM blend was tested to enhance the nutritional value of this key plant ingredient commonly employed in sea bream diets that can be deficient in specific amino acids and minerals. In the first trial, gilthead sea bream grew effectively on diets containing up to the 75% replacement of FM attaining a mean weight of 63.6 g compared to 67.8 g for the FM control fed group. For the consecutive trial, the fishmeal-based control diet yielded the highest SGR followed by dPMM50 and SBM/dPMM blend inclusion but was not significant.Carcass FA profiles of gilthead sea bream conformed to the expected changes in relation to the dietary FA patterns, with the 18:1n-9 representative of the poultry lipid signature becoming more apparent with PMM inclusion. The ratio of n-3/n-6 fatty acids was greatly affected in sea bream fed the full-fat PMM at 75% inclusion due to fish oil exclusion. Defatted dPMM, however, allowed more of the fish oil to be used in the diet and reducing this latter effect in sea bream carcass, hence restoring the higher total omega-3 HUFA fatty acids namely EPA and DHA and n-3/n-6 ratio. It is concluded that poultry meat meal can be modestly incorporated into formulated diets for sea bream and can be used in conjunction with soya bean meal without any fundamental changes in performance and feed efficiency.

Alternative formulations for gilthead seabream diets: Towards a more sustainable production

“…Whole‐body composition was not apparently affected by the dietary treatments, although due to analytical problems whole‐body fat content could not be analysed. Previous studies showed that fat content was higher in gilthead seabream fed diets containing blood meal and feather meal (Nogueira et al, ), while it was not significantly affected when fish were fed diets containing feather meal, spray‐dried haemoglobin or poultry meal alone (Davies et al, ; Karapanagiotidis et al, ). Additionally, hepatosomatic and viscerosomatic indexes have been reported to be significantly higher in fish fed insect meal‐based diets (Gasco et al, ; Sánchez‐Muros et al, ).…”

“…Previous studies showed that gilthead seabream was able to cope with dietary fishmeal replacement by rendered animal proteins. Recent studies in this fish species recommend the dietary replacement of up to 50% of fishmeal with poultry meal (Davies et al, 2019;Karapanagiotidis et al, 2019) and inclusion of feather meal at 50 to 100 g/kg and blood meal at 100 g/kg (Davies et al, 2019;Nogueira, Cordeiro, Andrade, & Aires, 2012). Protein digestibility was lower in diets containing feather meal than in those containing poultry meal or spray-dried haemoglobin meal for several carnivorous fish species, including gilthead seabream (Davies, Gouveia, Laporte, Woodgate, & Nates, 2009).…”

Diets for Grow-Out of Pirarucu in Net Cage: Performance, Physiological Parameters, Fillet Composition and Feeding Cost

“…Even with higher intake, these diets presented lower cost per unit of biomass produced when compared to the others, probably due to the utilization of meat and bone meal, which is a lower cost ingredient. Other studies have shown that the costs of fish production can be reduced by replacing, to the maximum extent possible, the use of high value protein sources such as fishmeal, with alternative energy sources and low-cost protein (Cerdeira et al, 2018;Davies et al, 2019;Diógenes et al, 2019). The inclusion of protein and energy levels above the T-37 diet contributed to the gradual increase in feeding cost without providing a significant increase in biomass, which is undesirable in both productive and environmental aspects (El Sayed et al, 2015;Salze and Davis, 2015).…”

“…In intensive systems, fish are frequently subject to high levels of stress and are susceptible to many adverse events, which can lead to physiological changes (Tu et al, 2015;Zhang et al, 2017). Fish nutrition experiments with purified ingredients are not effective in verifying the interaction between diet components and processing, so they are usually validated in research using practical diets (Rawles et al, 2018;Davies et al, 2019). On-farm experiments using practical diets may have greater applicability due to their similarity to production reality (Kabir et al, 2019).…”

Effect of different stock types and dietary protein levels on key enzyme activities of glycolysis‐gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway and amino acid metabolism inMacrobrachiumrosenbergii

“…However, commercial and/or wild stock of M. rosenbergii has been sharply declining all around the globe during the last two decades. Therefore priorities must be directed toward an approach to identify optimum stocks in a given culture condition (Bowyer et al, ; Davies, Gouveia, Laporte, Woodgate, & El‐Haroun, ; El‐Husseiny, Hassan, El‐Haroun, & Suloma, ; Goda et al, , ; Hassan et al, ; Hassaan, Mahmoud, et al, ; Hassaan, Soltan, et al, ; Kumar et al, ; Sagar et al, ). The growth performance of prawns is influenced by various factors such as water, soil quality, stocking density, sex ratio, feeding methods, and feed types.…”