Validation of an opto-electronic instrument for the measurement of execution velocity in squat exercise

García-Orea, Guillermo Peña; Pedreño, Noelia Belando; Merino-Barrero, Juan Andrés; Heredia‐Elvar, Juan Ramón

doi:10.1080/14763141.2019.1597156

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Thus, the two ends of the bar were fixed, allowing only the vertical movement of the bar. To estimate the execution velocity of each repetition in the different tests, a previously validated optoelectronic instrument [ 22 ] was used, with a sampling frequency of 500 Hz (Velowin v.1.7.232, Instrumentos y Tecnología Deportiva; Murcia, Spain). The optoelectronic instrument was calibrated following the manufacturer’s instructions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and Applicability of Traditional Strength Training Prescription Recommendations

Heredia‐Elvar

Hernández-Lougedo

Maicas-Pérez

et al. 2022

Biology

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Background: The aim of this study was to verify the reproducibility of a resistance training protocol in the bench press (BP) exercise, based on traditional recommendations, analysing the effect of the muscle fatigue of each set and of the whole exercise protocol. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, thirty male physical education students were divided into three groups according to their relative strength ratio (RSR), and they performed a 1RM BP test (T1). In the second session (T2), which was one week after T1, the participants performed a BP exercise protocol of three sets with the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) possible to muscle failure, using a relative load corresponding to 70% 1RM determined through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load–velocity relationship, with 2 min rests between sets. Two weeks later, a third session (T3) identical to the second session (T2) was performed. The MPV of each repetition of each set and the blood lactate level after each set were calculated, and mechanical fatigue was quantified through the velocity loss percentage of the set (% loss MPV) and in a pre-post exercise test with an individual load that could be lifted at ~1 m·s−1 of MPV. Results: The number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different (MNR for the total group of participants: set 1 = 12.50 ± 2.19 repetitions, set 2 = 6.06 ± 1.98 repetitions and set 3 = 4.20 ± 1.99 repetitions), showing high variation coefficients in each of the sets and between groups according to RSR. There were significant differences also in MPVrep Best (set 1 = 0.62 ± 0.10 m·s−1, set 2 = 0.42 ± 0.07 m·s−1, set 3 = 0.36 ± 0.10 m·s−1), which significantly reduced the % loss MPV of all sets (set 1 = 77.4%, set 2 = 64%, set 3 = 54.2%). The lactate levels increased significantly (p < 0.05) (set 1 = 4.9 mmo·L−1, set 2 = 6 mmo·L−1, set 3 = 6.5 mmo·L−1), and MPV loss at 1 m·s−1 after performing the three sets was 36% in T2 and 34% in T3, with acceptable intrasubject variability (MPV at 1 m·s−1 pre-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.09 m·s−1, CV = 9.8%; MPV at 1 m·s−1 post-exercise: SEM ≤ 0.07 m·s−1, CV = 11.7%). Conclusions: These exercise propositions are difficult to reproduce and apply. Moreover, the number of repetitions performed in each set was significantly different, which makes it difficult to define and control the intensity of the exercise. Lastly, the fatigue generated in each set could have an individual response depending on the capacity of each subject to recover from the preceding maximum effort.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproducibility and Applicability of Traditional Strength Training Prescription Recommendations

Heredia‐Elvar

Hernández-Lougedo

Maicas-Pérez

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…The discs used were 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20 kg (Matrix). To estimate the velocity of execution of each repetition, a previously validated optoelectronic instrument was used [ 25 ]. The sampling frequency of the optoelectronic instrument was 500 Hz (Velowin v.1.7.232, Instrumentos y Tecnología Deportiva; Murcia, Spain).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuromuscular Fatigue and Metabolic Stress during the 15 Minutes of Rest after Carrying Out a Bench Press Exercise Protocol

Hernández-Lougedo

Heredia‐Elvar

Maicas-Pérez

et al. 2022

Biology

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Background: Velocity loss (VL) at 1 m·s−1 can help to determine neuromuscular fatigue after performing an exercise protocol. The aim of this study was to analyse muscle fatigue and metabolic stress during the 15 min that follow the execution of a bench press (BP) exercise protocol. Methods: Forty-four healthy male students of sports science performed two exercise sessions separated by one week of rest. In the first week, the participants carried out a test with progressive loads in the (BP) exercise until reaching the one-repetition maximum (1RM) in order to obtain the load–velocity relationship of each participant. In the second week, each participant conducted three BP exercise sets at an intensity of 70% of 1RM, determining this load through the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) obtained from the individual load–velocity relationship, with the participants performing the maximum number of repetitions (MNR) to muscle failure. Two minutes of rest were allocated between sets. MPV at 1 m·s−1 and blood lactate concentrations were recorded before executing the exercise and at minute 0, 5, 10 and 15 after performing the exercise protocol. Results: A two-factor repeated measures ANOVA was performed. MPV at 1 m·s−1 in minute 0 post-exercise was −33.3% (p < 0.05), whereas in minute 10 and 15 post-exercise, it was ≈−9% (p > 0.05). Regarding the blood lactate levels, significant differences were observed in all measurements before and after the exercise protocol (p < 0.001), obtaining ≈7 mmol·L−1 at minute 10 post-exercise and 4.3 mmol·L−1 after 15 min of recovery. Conclusions: MPV with medium or moderate loads shows a certain recovery from minute 10 of rest. However, the blood lactate levels are still high (>5 mmol·L−1). Therefore, although there seem to be certain conditions to reach a similar maximum MPV peak, the residual fatigue at the neuromuscular level and the non-recovery of metabolic homeostasis would hinder the reproduction of these protocols, both at the level of applied stimulus and from a methodological perspective, since a long recovery time would be required between sets and exercises.

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“…From this, mean and peak velocity are the most investigated outputs. The CV from these Optic devices Velowin Courel-Ibanez et al [36], Peña Garcia-Orea et al [82], Peña Garcia-Orea et al [72], Garcia-Ramos et al [71], Laza-Cagigas et al [68], Perez-Castilla et al [10] Courel-Ibanez et al [36], Peña Garcia-Orea et al [82], Peña Garcia-Orea et al [72], Garcia-Ramos et al [71], Perez-Castilla et al [10] Flex Weakley et al [22] Weakley et al [22] Perez-Castilla et al 47,60,63]. This may be an issue for practitioners as mean concentric velocity is often advised for monitoring resistance training adaptations in non-ballistic exercises (e.g., squats, bench press) [64][65][66].…”

Section: Validitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Validity and Reliability of Commercially Available Resistance Training Monitoring Devices: A Systematic Review

et al. 2021

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Background Monitoring resistance training has a range of unique difficulties due to differences in physical characteristics and capacity between athletes, and the indoor environment in which it often occurs. Traditionally, methods such as volume load have been used, but these have inherent flaws. In recent times, numerous portable and affordable devices have been made available that purport to accurately and reliably measure kinetic and kinematic outputs, potentially offering practitioners a means of measuring resistance training loads with confidence. However, a thorough and systematic review of the literature describing the reliability and validity of these devices has yet to be undertaken, which may lead to uncertainty from practitioners on the utility of these devices. Objective A systematic review of studies that investigate the validity and/or reliability of commercially available devices that quantify kinetic and kinematic outputs during resistance training. Methods Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search of SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Medline was performed; studies included were (1) original research investigations; (2) full-text articles written in English; (3) published in a peer-reviewed academic journal; and (4) assessed the validity and/or reliability of commercially available portable devices that quantify resistance training exercises. Results A total of 129 studies were retrieved, of which 47 were duplicates. The titles and abstracts of 82 studies were screened and the full text of 40 manuscripts were assessed. A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria. Additional 13 studies, identified via reference list assessment, were included. Therefore, a total of 44 studies were included in this review. Conclusion Most of the studies within this review did not utilise a gold-standard criterion measure when assessing validity. This has likely led to under or overreporting of error for certain devices. Furthermore, studies that have quantified intra-device reliability have often failed to distinguish between technological and biological variability which has likely altered the true precision of each device. However, it appears linear transducers which have greater accuracy and reliability compared to other forms of device. Future research should endeavour to utilise gold-standard criterion measures across a broader range of exercises (including weightlifting movements) and relative loads.

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Validation of an opto-electronic instrument for the measurement of execution velocity in squat exercise

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Reproducibility and Applicability of Traditional Strength Training Prescription Recommendations

Reproducibility and Applicability of Traditional Strength Training Prescription Recommendations

Neuromuscular Fatigue and Metabolic Stress during the 15 Minutes of Rest after Carrying Out a Bench Press Exercise Protocol

The Validity and Reliability of Commercially Available Resistance Training Monitoring Devices: A Systematic Review

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