Validation of a tubular bismuth film amperometric detector

A Decade with Bismuth‐Based Electrodes in Electroanalysis

“…Even though the vast majority of practically orientated research into bismuth electrodes has focused on the determination of inorganic ions, there has also been increasing effort towards the determination of organic compounds. The analysis of organic compounds represents approximately 15% of the total research activity into BiEs and can be split into four main areas, namely (i) fundamental investigations into the analysis of model organic compounds including nitrophenols [17,32]; (ii) determination of pharmaceutical substances including aminosalicylate drugs [182], Daunomycin [48], Tetracycline [97] and Diclofenac [117]; (iii) the determination of pesticides [80,123,127,144,165]; and (iv) the determination of various compounds of biological relevance [19,84,107,111].…”

“…While various natural and marine water samples make up the bulk of environmental samples, BiEs have also been applied to complex sewage samples [128,181], plant extracts [75,86], fertilizer samples [103,145] and a number of soil samples [33,34,39,49,55,104,141]. Further interesting applications have included gun shot residue [167], medical formulations (anti-inflammatory drugs [117,182], antibiotic drugs [97], and Chinese medical products [54]) the analysis of various metallurgical samples including iron ore [35,103], bronze [82], phosphate rock samples [87], dolomite [78] and finally the leaching of lead from Moroccan traditional cookware [185].…”

“…Compared to the previous season, practically the same publication tempo spawned thirty papers [97 -126] had inspired the others to come with their own contributions. Thus, the Euro-Asian region expanded by adopting Turkey [107], Slovakia [118], and Russia [110,122]; with other countries revealing further research sites (e.g., Greece [114], France [116], Spain [115,117] and Portugal [104,117]). Initial reports were also seen from traditional electrochemical regions of Latin America (Brazil [98] and Mexico [117]), and from the Far East (China [99,111], Korea [113], Japan [105,120], and Thailand [97]).…”

“…Organic pollutants were then the focus of two reports [123,125] on nitroguanidines (Thiamethoxam and Imidacloprid), cyanoimine (Acetamiprid), and a nitromethylene derivative (Nitenpyram). Last but not least, among biologically active substances and pharmaceuticals, the new analytes of choice were antibiotic Tetracyclin [97], AGinhibitors (Amaryl and Ascorbose [107]), Dicyclofenac (a drug with broad therapeutic use [117]), or antiparkinsonian agent Trodon and a pain reliever Akineton [123].…”

Determination of Atrazine in Natural Water Samples by Differential Pulse Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry Using a Bismuth Film Electrode

“…However, few papers are described in the literature using BiFE to determine organic compounds such as drugs [15,16] and pesticides [17][18][19][20]. The application of a BiFE using a GCE substrate was recently carried out to determine the herbicide metribuzin by square-wave voltammetry [19].…”