Validation of a GATE model for the simulation of the Siemens biograph™ 6 PET scanner

Gonias, P.; Bertsekas, N.; Karakatsanis, Nicolas A.; Saatsakis, G.; Gaitanis, Anastasios; Nikolopoulos, Dimitrios; Loudos, George; Papaspyrou, Laertis; Sakellios, N.; Tsantilas, Xenophon; Daskalakis, A.; Λιαπαρίνος, Παναγιώτης Φ.; Nikita, Konstantina S.; Louizï, A.; Cavouras, D.; Kandarakis, I.; Panayiotakis, George

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2006.10.078

Cited by 56 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Simulation data have also been scaled to offset sensitivity mismatches to achieve close agreement with experimental results [5,11,28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A reason is that it is generally difficult to model individual components of a scanner because of limited information from manufacturers about their designs-or incomplete physical characterisation of phenomena, such as optical transport in scintillators [5,25,26]. Usually the models employ analytical dead time simulations based on experimental data from the scanner [27,28], coincidence processing algorithms [27], or fixed values for physical parameters that give reasonable agreement to experimental results [11,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study extended previous validated work [11,14,20] and performed a simulation of the entire PET/CT scanner using GATE. For the purpose of the study, a human body phantom and a cylindrical F-18 FDG source were also simulated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Significant improvements have been achieved in the overall PET imaging technology [1,3,4], e.g. algorithms for statistical effects, scatter and random coincidences, faster detector electronics and better reconstruction algorithms [1,3,11,12]. Modern PET scanners incorporate computed tomography (CT) systems to achieve more accurate anatomical localisation of functional abnormalities [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The hybrid PET/CT systems eliminate lengthy PET transmission scans and generate complex three dimensional images within few min-particle showers; however, non-trivial coding is needed. Especially for PET, GATE (GEANT4 Application for Tomographic Emission) is more frequently used because of its flexibility for Tomographic simulations [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

Nikolopoulos¹,

Kottou²,

Chatzisavvas³

et al. 2013

OJRad

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This is a GATE-simulation study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT system. It reports effects of changes in the thickness of the employed Lutetium Oxyorthosilicate (LSO) detectors. The PET/CT, a human body phantom and a cylindrical F-18 FDG source were simulated. Validation measurements were conducted. The results indicate that LSO thickness increase degrades spatial resolution, improves relative energy resolution from 9.0% to 11.3% and increases signal-to-noise-ratio from 0.81 to 1.17. Thicker LSO crystals present greater axial sensitivity so as the detection efficiency of PET would be significantly enhanced.

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“…Simulation data have also been scaled to offset sensitivity mismatches to achieve close agreement with experimental results [5,11,28,29].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

Nikolopoulos¹,

Kottou²,

Chatzisavvas³

et al. 2013

OJRad

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Publicly available framework for simulating and experimentally validating clinical PET systems

O'Briain

Uribe²,

Sechopoulos

et al. 2023

Medical Physics

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Background: Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are a powerful tool to model medical imaging systems. However, before simulations can be considered the ground truth, they have to be validated with experiments. Purpose: To provide a pipeline that models a clinical positron emission tomography (PET)/CT system using MC simulations after extensively validating the results against experimental measurements. Methods: A clinical four-ring PET imaging system was modeled using Geant4 application for tomographic emission (v. 9.0). To validate the simulations, PET images were acquired of a cylindrical phantom, point source, and image quality phantom with the modeled system and the simulations of the experimental procedures. For the purpose of validating the quantification capabilities and image quality provided by the simulation pipeline, the simulations were compared against the measurements in terms of their count rates and sensitivity as well as their image uniformity, resolution, recovery coefficients (RCs), coefficients of variation, contrast, and background variability. Results: When compared to the measured data, the number of true detections in the MC simulations was within 5%. The scatter fraction was found to be 30.0% ± 2.2% and 28.8% ± 1.7% in the measured and simulated scans, respectively. Analyzing the measured and simulated sinograms, the sensitivities were found to be 8.2 and 7.8 cps/kBq, respectively. The fraction of random coincidences were 19% in the measured data and 25% in the simulation. When calculating the image uniformity within the axial slices, the measured image exhibited a uniformity of 0.015 ± 0.005, whereas the simulated image had a uniformity of 0.029 ± 0.011. In the axial direction, the uniformity was measured to be 0.024 ± 0.006 and 0.040 ± 0.015 for the measured and simulated data, respectively. Comparing the image resolution, an average percentage difference of 2.9% was found between the measurements and simulations. The RCs calculated in both the measured and simulated images were found to be within the EARL ranges, except for that of the simulation of the smallest sphere. The coefficients of variation for the measured and simulated images were found to be 12% and 13%, respectively. Lastly, the background variability was consistent

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Monte Carlo Methods in Nuclear Medicine

Bardiès

Laßmann

2012

Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine

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Validation of a GATE model for the simulation of the Siemens biograph™ 6 PET scanner

Cited by 56 publications

References 5 publications

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

A GATE Simulation Study of the Siemens Biograph DUO PET/CT System

Publicly available framework for simulating and experimentally validating clinical PET systems

Monte Carlo Methods in Nuclear Medicine

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