Validation of a Farsi version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (F-ECOHIS)

Abstract

BackgroundThe Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) has recently been developed to assess oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of pre-school children in English speaking communities. This study aimed to translate the ECOHIS into Farsi and test its psychometric properties for use on 2- to 5-year-old children of Farsi speaking Iranian families.MethodsEHOHIS questionnaire was translated into Farsi using a standardized forward-backward linguistic translation method. Its face and content validity was tested in two small pilot studies. In the main study, a convenience sample of 260 parents of 2- to 5-year-old children in Isfahan and Tehran were invited to complete the final Farsi version of the ECOHIS (F-ECOHIS) and answer two global self-rating questions about their children's dental appearance and oral health. Association between F-ECOHIS scores and answers to the two self-rating questions, and the correlation between child (9 items) and family (4 items) sections of the F-ECOHIS were used to assess the concurrent and convergent validity of the questionnaire. Internal consistency reliability of the F-ECOHIS was tested using Cronbach's alpha coefficient test and item total and inter-item correlations. One third of participants were invited to complete the F-ECOHIS again after 2 weeks to evaluate the test-retest reliability of the questionnaire.ResultsTwo hundred and forty six parents were included in the main study. The association between the F-ECOHIS scores and the two self-rating questions and the correlation between its child and family sections were significant (P < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the F-ECOHIS and its child and family sections were 0.93, 0.89, and 0.85 respectively. Coefficients did not increase by deleting any item. The corrected item total correlation coefficient ranged from 0.52 to 0.74. The inter-item correlation coefficient ranged between 0.30 and 0.73. Seventy three parents participated in the follow up study for re-testing the questionnaire. Comparison of their test and re-test scores had a weighted kappa of 0.81 and inter-class correlation (ICC) of 0.82.ConclusionThe F-ECOHIS questionnaire was valid and reliable for assessing the OHRQoL of 2- to 5-year-old pre-school children of Farsi speaking parents.

Evaluation of Dental Status and Its Association with Oral Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschool Children in Zahedan City, Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study

“…However, in the study conducted by Jabarifar et al, and the study conducted by Macintyre et al female participants had higher scores than males (9,21). The reason for this difference was the type of questionnaire and the age group of participants.…”

“…Jabarifar at el. showed that the Persian version of the F-ECOHIS questionnaire was valid and reliable for assessing the oral health-related quality of life OHRQoL of preschool children of Farsi-speaking parents (9). Examination of each child on a chair with head light was performed by a trained dentist using a disposable dental mirror and a probe.…”

“…One of them is the index of the early childhood oral health impact scale (ECOHIS) (4), which is an appropriate and successful questionnaire in this field (7)(8)(9). Jabarifar et al examined the validity of Farsi-ECOHIS and concluded that this index is valid and reliable for assessing OHRQoL in Persian-speaking parents of preschool children with 2 -5 years old (9).…”

Dental health and oral health‐related quality of life in children with congenital bleeding disorders

“…The validity and reliability of Iranian version of questionnaires have been evaluated previously [11][12][13] Due to variability of age groups, different types of questionnaires were used: Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) was chosen for children 2-7 years old [11]; Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ) was applied to 8-10-year olds [12] and Child Oral Impact Daily Performance (Child-OIPD) for ages 11-15 [13]. ECOHIS and CPQ are 5-point Likert scales with options from 0 = never to 4 = every day/almost every day.…”

Aplicación de la escala de impacto en la salud oral en preescolares chilenos

“…La ECOHIS ha sido validada en numerosos países, entre ellos Argentina, Venezuela y recientemente Perú (5) . Además ha sido traducido al Francés (6) , Chino (7) , Farsi (8) , Turco (9) , Portugués Brasileño (10,11) , Español (12) , Lituano (13) , Malasio (14) y Árabe (15) . Es así, como realizar la aplicación de la encuesta ECOHIS en Chile, va a permitir analizar el impacto de la salud oral en la calidad de vida y al mismo tiempo comparar la realidad de la población Chilena con poblaciones de otros países.…”