Validation of a commercial inertial sensor system for spatiotemporal gait measurements in children

Lanovaz, Joel L.; Oates, Alison; Treen, Tanner T.; Unger, Janelle; Musselman, Kristin E.

doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2016.09.021

Cited by 33 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…As the accuracy of the stride length showed very good results, the employed methods (Euston complementary filter for orientation estimation [ 32 ] and direct and reverse integration for the velocity estimation [ 33 ]) are promising algorithms for trajectory estimation and gait parameter extraction. We obtained with our system similar results compared to other sensor-based systems for the assessment of spatio-temporal parameters [ 18 , 20 , 42 ]. Papi and colleagues used treadmill walking [ 18 ], which could, however, affect the subjects’ gait patterns [ 43 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Towards Mobile Gait Analysis: Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of an Inertial Measurement System for the Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters

Kluge

Gaßner

Hannink

et al. 2017

Sensors

119

126

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The purpose of this study was to assess the concurrent validity and test–retest reliability of a sensor-based gait analysis system. Eleven healthy subjects and four Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients were asked to complete gait tasks whilst wearing two inertial measurement units at their feet. The extracted spatio-temporal parameters of 1166 strides were compared to those extracted from a reference camera-based motion capture system concerning concurrent validity. Test–retest reliability was assessed for five healthy subjects at three different days in a two week period. The two systems were highly correlated for all gait parameters (r>0.93). The bias for stride time was 0±16 ms and for stride length was 1.4±6.7 cm. No systematic range dependent errors were observed and no significant changes existed between healthy subjects and PD patients. Test-retest reliability was excellent for all parameters (intraclass correlation (ICC) > 0.81) except for gait velocity (ICC > 0.55). The sensor-based system was able to accurately capture spatio-temporal gait parameters as compared to the reference camera-based system for normal and impaired gait. The system’s high retest reliability renders the use in recurrent clinical measurements and in long-term applications feasible.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Towards Mobile Gait Analysis: Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of an Inertial Measurement System for the Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters

Kluge

Gaßner

Hannink

et al. 2017

Sensors

119

126

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show abstract

“…In addition, two previous studies compared the performances of IMU and OMC systems for gait analysis. Lanovaz et al examined 10 children to determine whether an IMU system was appropriate for gait evaluation by comparing results with those of an OMC system [10]. The authors concluded that the two measurement methods showed high levels of agreement for step time, step length, step speed, and step time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to increase the universal use of the IMU system, it is very necessary to analyze the accuracy of the IMU system by comparing the results of the gait analysis of the IMU system and the OMC system. Inertial measurement unit systems use accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to provide data on the motion characteristics of joints and segments during various tasks [10]. IMU system can measure human joint movements in real-time and has the advantage of being able to measure in relatively little space and is highly portable compared to the OMC system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, despite this shortcoming, the advantages of IMU systems are that they are increasingly utilized in industry and for medical diagnostic purposes [17,18]. Several previous studies of gait analysis reported the diagnostic significance of the IMU system by comparing the IMU system and the OMC system [10,19]. In particular, the significance of Spatio-temporal parameters is reported to be very high in gait analysis using the IMU system [2,4,20].…”

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confidence: 99%

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Accuracy Verification of Spatio-Temporal and Kinematic Parameters for Gait Using Inertial Measurement Unit System

Yeo

Park

2020

Sensors

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Inertial measurement unit systems are wearable sensors that can measure the movement of a human in real-time with relatively little space and high portability. The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the inertial measurement unit (IMU) system for gait analysis by comparing it with measurements obtained using an optical motion capture (OMC) system. To compare the accuracies of these two different motion capture systems, the Spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters were measured in young adults during normal walking. Thirty healthy participants participated in the study. Data were collected while walking 5 strides on a 7 m walkway at a self-selected speed. Results of gait analysis showed that the Spatio-temporal (stride time, stride length, cadence, step length) and kinematic (knee joint peak to peak of movement) parameters were not significantly different in the participant. Spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters of the two systems were compared using the Bland-Altman method. The results obtained showed that the measurements of Spatio-temporal and kinematic parameters of gait by the two systems were similar, which suggested that IMU and OMC systems could be used interchangeably for gait measurements. Therefore, gait analysis performed using the wearable IMU system might efficiently provide gait measurements and enable accurate analysis. (OMC) system, which utilizes multiple optical cameras to calculate 3D positions of body joints, is most commonly used to analyze gait phases and has the advantage of providing real-time measures of movement a rapid reaction rate and the ability to measure data close to the human movements even for complex motions [7,9].Over the past few years, a number of wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) systems have been used to analyze human joint movement in laboratories or in living environments [10]. The IMU system is useful because the system function is verified in the gait analysis of people with disabilities in low cost and non-invasive methods [11][12][13]. In order to increase the universal use of the IMU system, it is very necessary to analyze the accuracy of the IMU system by comparing the results of the gait analysis of the IMU system and the OMC system. Inertial measurement unit systems use accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to provide data on the motion characteristics of joints and segments during various tasks [10]. IMU system can measure human joint movements in real-time and has the advantage of being able to measure in relatively little space and is highly portable compared to the OMC system. However, the disadvantage of the IMU system is that it includes a position drift that may vary over time with lower position accuracy. Position accuracy is a problem because it is determined by constantly integrating acceleration over time to calculate speeds and positions, and this results in cumulative measurement errors. In addition, since the position of the IMU sensors for measuring joint movement does not match the anatomical position of the ...

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“…The present study also applied a regression equation that was used in a previous study by Lanovaz, Oates, Treen, Unger, and Musselman (2017) for the purpose of applying the APDM algorithm that was developed based on the height of adults to children, 3 to 8 years old. When the derived regression equation was used for correction, the mean error of the APDM stride length, which was ≥ 0.1 m, decreased significantly to about 0.01 m. Moreover, this regression equation offers the advantages of being constructed using only the variables provided by APDM and a single regression equation being applied equally to all subjects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validity of a Portable APDM Inertial Sensor System for Stride Time and Stride Length during Treadmill Walking

Tack¹,

Choi²

2017

Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics

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Validation of a commercial inertial sensor system for spatiotemporal gait measurements in children

Cited by 33 publications

References 25 publications

Towards Mobile Gait Analysis: Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of an Inertial Measurement System for the Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters

Towards Mobile Gait Analysis: Concurrent Validity and Test-Retest Reliability of an Inertial Measurement System for the Assessment of Spatio-Temporal Gait Parameters

Accuracy Verification of Spatio-Temporal and Kinematic Parameters for Gait Using Inertial Measurement Unit System

Validity of a Portable APDM Inertial Sensor System for Stride Time and Stride Length during Treadmill Walking

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