Validation and revision of far-field-current relationship for the lightning strike to electrically short objects

Zhang, Qilin; Hou, Wenhao; Ji, Tongtong; He, Lixia; Su, Jianfeng

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2014.08.015

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(109 reference statements)

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“…The solid curves are the fitted results of average field peak value for earth conductivity ranges from 0.001 S/m to 4 S/m. 8 International Journal of Antennas and Propagation curvature has much more effect on the field propagation at the intermediate ranges than the finite conductivity. For example, the lightning-produced field peak of ELF/VLF frequency propagating over a spherical earth is just about 30%-40% of that propagating over a planar earth at a distance of 1500 km and 75%-80% for a distance of 500 km.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…where W σ and W ρ represent the propagation attenuation factors caused by the ground conductivity (σ) and Earth's curvature (ρ), respectively. The attenuation function W σ just describes the propagation effect of planar earth with finite conductivity, without considering the curvature of the earth, and it can be expressed as below (e.g., Wait [19], Cooray [20], Zhang et al [8,9]):…”

Section: Our Approximate Method the Ground Conductivity Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lightning-radiated very low-frequency (VLF) (3-30 kHz) and low-frequency (LF) (30-300 kHz) signals can propagate along a spherical earth with finite conductivity at an intermediate distance of hundreds to a couple of thousand kilometers, and the observed lightning-radiated electromagnetic field signal would be significantly attenuated and distorted due to the propagation effects (e.g., Wait [1][2][3][4], Shao and Jacobson [5], and Zhang et al [6][7][8][9]). In the intermediate range (within 1500 km), a planar earth assumption will bring some obvious errors, and the propagation effect of a spherical earth should be considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Approximate Method for Lightning-Radiated ELF/VLF Ground Wave Propagation over Intermediate Ranges

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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A new approximate method for lightning-radiated extremely low-frequency (ELF) and very low-frequency (VLF) ground wave propagation over intermediate ranges is presented in this paper. In our approximate method, the original field attenuation function is divided into two factors in frequency domain representing the propagation effect of the ground conductivity and Earth's curvature, and both of them have clearer formulations and can more easily be calculated rather than solving a complex differential equation related to Airy functions. The comparison results show that our new approximate method can predict the lightning-radiated field peak value over the intermediate range with a satisfactory accuracy within maximum errors of 0.0%, −3.3%, and −8.7% for the earth conductivity of 4 S/m, 0.01 S/m, and 0.001 S/m, respectively. We also find that Earth's curvature has much more effect on the field propagation at the intermediate ranges than the finite ground conductivity, and the lightning-radiated ELF/VLF electric field peak value (V/m) at the intermediate ranges yields a propagation distance d (km) dependence of d −1 32 .

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Our Approximate Method the Ground Conductivity Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A New Approximate Method for Lightning-Radiated ELF/VLF Ground Wave Propagation over Intermediate Ranges

Hou

Zhang

et al. 2018

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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“…The lightning discharge channel observed over ranges of hundreds to even thousands of kilometers can be equivalent to a dipole. Thus, the azimuthal magnetic field H at a great circle distance d for a dipole source located on the surface of a smooth earth can be expressed as [35] H = H 0 W…”

Section: Propagation Correctionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay

Zhang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Very low frequency (VLF) electromagnetic waves distort along the long propagation path, and that causes the arrival time of the signals measured by the long-range lightning system to be delayed. In this paper, based on the propagation correction method by compensating the peak time delay of the ground wave, the location accuracy of the long-range lightning detection network in China is greatly improved. The improvement of the relative location accuracy and location offsets are evaluated by comparing with the Advanced Direction Time Lightning Detection System (ADTD) datasets. It shows that the mean relative accuracy is improved from 7.74 km to 4.32 km, and the median relative accuracy is improved from 7.28 km to 2.46 km. The mean westwards offset of the total lightning location data drops from 2.05 km to 0.93 km, and the mean southwards offset drops from 1.19 km to 0.63 km. In addition, it is found that the location accuracy will be greatly improved if the observation site affected by the terrain is removed. The mean relative location accuracy is further improved to 4.11 km and the median to 2.32 km.

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“…Until now, there are many authors that have studied the lightning discharge characteristics for strike to tall objects or mountain top. For the case of lightning strike to tall objects [6]- [17], as a result of transient process in the object, current waveforms can differ significantly at different heights along the object and can exhibit more than one peak (typically, secondary peak is larger than the initial one). At far distances, the lightning-radiated electromagnetic field for strike to an object case can become greater than that for strike to the flat ground.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Field Shielding Effect of Mountain on the Lightning Electromagnetic Field

Peng¹,

Wang²,

Zhang³

et al. 2020

JEMAA

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In this paper we have studied the effect of strike to a cone-shaped mountain surrounded by two chains of hills on the lightning vertical electric field and azimuthal magnetic field at different distances, by using two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2-D FDTD) method in cylindrical coordinate systems. In order to analyze the electrostatic shielding effect of strike to a cone-shaped mountain surrounded by two chains of hills on the lightning, we chose three mountains, and the left one is stroke by lightning, and the right one is near the obervation site, and the middle one with the top heights increasing from 0 to 2 km is between them. For the observed point, the electrostatic shielding effect of the right one on the lightning vertical electric field is the most serious, and the electric field is much less than that for strike to flat ground level; compared with the electric field, the shielding effect of the right one on the lightning azimuthal magnetic field becomes less, for most cases, the lightning magnetic field at the observed site is larger than that for flat ground cases mainly due to that of the increment caused by strike to the right mountain. With the increase of distance (e.g., 20 km from the lightning strike point), the shielding effect of the right mountain on the lightning field becomes less, because the reflected wave from the right mountain bottom plays a more important role over intermediate ranges, and the far radiation electromagnetic field peak value becomes larger due to such a reflecting wave. Therefore, in the lightning detecting technique, we should pay more attention to the effect caused by chains of hills on the lightning location and the estimation of lightning current peak.

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Validation and revision of far-field-current relationship for the lightning strike to electrically short objects

Cited by 6 publications

References 63 publications

A New Approximate Method for Lightning-Radiated ELF/VLF Ground Wave Propagation over Intermediate Ranges

A New Approximate Method for Lightning-Radiated ELF/VLF Ground Wave Propagation over Intermediate Ranges

Location Accuracy Improvement of Long-range Lightning Detection Network In China by Compensating Ground Wave Propagation Delay

The Field Shielding Effect of Mountain on the Lightning Electromagnetic Field

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