Validating an American Scale in Hong Kong: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

OBJECTIVE:To examine relationships between body mass index (BMI) and psychological correlates in Chinese school adolescents during the period of economic transition. DESIGN: Baseline data of 1655 Chinese adolescents aged 11-15 y were retrieved from a longitudinal smoking cessation and health promotion program in Wuhan, China. Assessments of body weight and height, depressive symptoms, perceived peer isolation (PPI) and perceived availability of social support (PASS) were collected. RESULTS: Based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) age-and sex-specific BMI cutoffs, 12.5% of boys and 9.2% of girls were overweight. In girls, high BMI was significantly related to higher self-reported depressive symptoms, and was dominantly mediated by PPI. On the contrary, high BMI boys reported significantly lower levels of PPI although high PPI level aggravated depressive symptoms. For both girls and boys, the observed effect of PPI on the relationship between BMI and depressive symptoms was sustained only in low PASS boys and girls. CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed different effects of PPI on the association of BMI and depressive symptoms between boys and girls, which were buffered by levels of PASS. The findings of this study may contribute to our understanding of the influences of psychological correlates in pediatric overweight in the Eastern cultural environment.

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“…29 This index has been previously validated in Chinese sample. 30 The four items were: (1) I felt depressed. (2) I felt lonely.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of perceived peer isolation and social support availability on the relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms

Xie

Spruijt‐Metz

et al. 2005

Int J Obes

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“…Other studies also report lower rates of depression in China, compared with the US (Kleinman 1982;Leung et al 1992). Some scholars, however, found comparable or even higher level of CES-D depressive symptoms in Chinese samples when compared to the American samples (Cheung and Bagley 1998;Lin 1989). Inconsistency also exists in the literature on depression rates among Chinese Americans in the US.…”

Section: Predictors Of Depression Among Chinese Americansmentioning

confidence: 79%

Depression Risks and Correlates among Different Generations of Chinese Americans: The Effects of Relationships with Friends and Relatives

Zhu¹

2017

Social Sciences

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An increasing body of literature has suggested that the public portrayal of Chinese Americans as a high-achieving, well-adjusting "model minority" might not reflect the entire reality of their mental health conditions. This study examined depression risks and correlates among different generations of Chinese Americans, using non-Hispanic whites as a comparison group. A nationally representative sample of Chinese Americans (n = 600) from the Comprehensive Psychiatric Epidemiological Survey was used. Results of the study indicate that Chinese Americans in general have a lower risk of depression than non-Hispanic whites. Moreover, the prevalence and correlates of depression do not show a linear trend of difference from first to second to third-or-higher generation Chinese Americans, and then to non-Hispanic whites; rather, the risk of depression and its association with social relational factors presents in distinctive patterns for first and second generation Chinese Americans, compared to third-or-higher generation Chinese Americans and non-Hispanic whites. Specifically, friend network and relative group play different roles in influencing depression for different generations of Chinese Americans. The findings contributed to the growing body of literature on acculturation and mental health among immigrants, shedding lights on the complicated sociocultural contexts that could influence the mental well-being of individuals. Mental health service providers need to be aware of the complex and nuanced association between social relational factors and depression in their prevention, management, and treatment efforts.

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“…These issues continue to be debated in the psychological literature (Kashima, 1995) with an emerging dualism: thus two sets of instruments are being developed, one measuring indigenous personality constructs (Marsella, 1992), and the other measuring cross-cultural or etic concepts (with some success in terms of demonstrated validity and reliability-see for example the programme of research in The Philippines of Astilla, 1979, andGerong, 1997). Our approach to crosscultural research is grounded in this latter school, as exemplified by work using the translated version of the Coopersmith selfesteem scale in adolescents in and from Hong Kong (Verma and Chan, 1995;Verma et al, 1999), the General Health Questionnaire in The Philippines (Bagley, Madrid and Bolitho, 1997), and the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale in Hong Kong (Cheung and Bagley, 1998).…”

Section: Methodological Issues In Cross-cultural Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustment, Stress and Family Life in Adolescents in Canada, Britain, Hong Kong, India, Pakistan and The Philippines

Bagley

Mallick

Verma

et al. 1999

International Journal of Adolescence and Youth

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Using a normative Canadian study as the baseline for comparison of measures of stress and adjustment, and as the basis for a model predicting poor adjustment following stress in family, school and community, a comparison was made of 2,524 15 and 16-year-olds self-competing questionnaires in school settings in Canada, Britain, Pakistan, India, Hong Kong and The Philippines. Results indicate some cross-cultural validity for the instruments used, implying that there are culturally universal aspects of reaction to stress, in terms of emotional and psychosomatic disorder, conduct disorder and hyperactivity, and impaired self-esteem. Students in Canada, Britain, Hong Kong and The Philippines were the most similar in terms of mean levels of stress and of reactions to stress, whilst students in Pakistan and India were the most dissimilar but in opposite directions, the Indian students having particularly good levels of adjustment. A notable finding was that the McMaster Family Adjustment Device was more successful in predicting problems of emotion and behaviour than were more specific measures of physical and sexual maltreatment.

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Validating an American Scale in Hong Kong: The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D)

Cited by 241 publications

References 51 publications

Effects of perceived peer isolation and social support availability on the relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms

Effects of perceived peer isolation and social support availability on the relationship between body mass index and depressive symptoms

Depression Risks and Correlates among Different Generations of Chinese Americans: The Effects of Relationships with Friends and Relatives

Adjustment, Stress and Family Life in Adolescents in Canada, Britain, Hong Kong, India, Pakistan and The Philippines

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