Vagococcus salmoninarum, a bacterium of pathological significance in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss farming

Diversity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Associated with Fish and the Fish Farm Environment, Established by Amplified rRNA Gene Restriction Analysis

“…Vagococcus salmoninarum, which is rare but well documented and of serious consequence in salmonid farms where it occurs, is the last pathogen of note among the bacteria identified during this study (27,38). Until strain 20-00 was isolated from a crucian carp, Carassius carassius, this agent had been reported only from salmonids.…”

“…In France, the involvement of lactic acid bacteria in fish infectious diseases was discovered progressively: C. maltaromaticum was isolated in clinical cases from several fish species (26), and V. salmoninarum was isolated from southwest rainbow trout hatcheries (27). The first cases of L. garvieae infection were experienced concurrently in Brittany and Aquitaine in 1999, more than 5 years after the agent had been identified in Italy and Spain (12).…”

Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus iniae infections in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss:similar, but different diseases

“…The hyperacute disease following Lactococcus garvieae infection in trout (which resembles the disease caused by the same agent in yellowtail Seriola qujnqeradiata; Kusuda 1991) and the acute disease of trout resulting from Streptococcus iniae infection are notably different from the disease caused by Vagococcus salmoninarum, the third taxon of Gram-positive cocci involved in diseases of salmonids (Michel et al 1997). V. salmoninarum mainly infects broodstock fish held in cold water, producing hyperaemia, and chronic disease characterized by tegunlentary lesions and a proliferative response of the cardiovascular system.…”

“…Epidemic and sporadic diseases have been reported from different parts of the world, notably Japan (Kitao 1993), Singapore (Foo et al 1985). Australia (Carson et al 1993), Israel (Eldar et al 1995), Italy (Ghittino & Prearo 1992), Spain (Toranzo et al 1995, Domenech et al 1996, France (Michel et al 1997), South Africa (Braag & Broere 1986) and the United States (Perera et al 1994). Amended taxonomy reveals that at least 6 different species of Gram-positive cocci, including streptococci (Pier & Madin 1976, Domenech et al 1996, lactococci (Collins et al 1984, Williams et al 1990, Domenech et al 1993, Eldar et al 1996, and vagococci (Wallbanks et al 1990), are responsible for such conditions.…”

Characterization of Leuconostoc strains isolated from fresh anchovy (Engraulis anchoita)

“…Several studies have demonstrated that LAB have been found in marine and freshwater fi sh (mainly from the gastrointestinal tract and gills) and their surrounding environment (Bucio et al, 2006;González et al, 2000;Ringø et al, 2000Ringø et al, , 2002Seppola et al, 2006). Moreover, LAB have recently become a major source of concern in aquaculture due to their pathological signifi cance (Michel et al, 1997). On the other hand, LAB growth on fi sh may be stimulated by different processes (drying, salting, marinating and vacuum-packaging) constituting the major part of the fi nal product microbiota (Gancel et al, 1997;Lyhs et al, 2002;Thapa et al, 2006;Tomé et al, 2007).…”