Vagaries of adipose tissue innervation

Berthoud, Hans Rudolf; Fox, Edward A.; Neuhuber, Winfried

doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00428.2006

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In a carefully controlled subsequent study no evidence of such vagal efferent innervation was found (Giordano et al, 2006). As earlier anterograde studies also did not find evidence for innervation of fat tissue by vagal preganglionic fibers, it is highly likely that the positive findings of Kreier et al were due to tracer leakage (Berthoud et al, 2006;Fox and Powley, 1989).…”

Section: Role Of Vagal Innervation Of Pancreas Liver and Other Abdomentioning

confidence: 73%

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud

2008

Regulatory Peptides

259

199

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Food interacts with sensors all along the alimentary canal to provide the brain with information regarding its composition, energy content, and beneficial effect. Vagal afferents innervating the gastrointestinal tract, pancreas, and liver provide a rapid and discrete account of digestible food in the alimentary canal, as well as circulating and stored fuels, while vagal efferents together with the sympathetic nervous system and hormonal mechanisms codetermine the rate of nutrient absorption, partitioning, storage, and mobilization. Although vagal sensory mechanisms play a crucial role in the neural mechanism of satiation, there is little evidence suggesting a significant role in long-term energy homeostasis. However, increasing recognition of vagal involvement in the putative mechanisms making bariatric surgeries the most effective treatment for obesity should greatly stimulate future research to uncover the many details regarding the specific transduction mechanisms in the periphery and the inter-and intra-neuronal signaling cascades disseminating vagal information across the neuraxis.

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Section: Role Of Vagal Innervation Of Pancreas Liver and Other Abdomentioning

confidence: 73%

The vagus nerve, food intake and obesity

Berthoud

2008

Regulatory Peptides

259

199

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“…Therefore, all other characteristics of the animal are the same: genetics, age, energy balance, and all circulating factors except that one fat pad is denervated and the other is not. Such local surgical denervation offers more neuroanatomical specificity than does global sympathectomy using guanethidine (104) or 6-hydroxy-dopamine (6OHDA) (105); however, it is not neuroanatomically selective, as both sympathetic [there appears to be no or sparse parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS) innervation of WAT (72,106), but see below for a discussion of this issue] and sensory nerves are severed. Indeed, surgical denervation significantly decreases TH-ir (a sympathetic nerve marker) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)-ir (a sensory nerve maker), indicating reduced sympathetic and sensory innervations, respectively (107)(108)(109).…”

Section: Wat Denervation Studies Provide Functional Evidence For the mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is an initial report of WAT PSNS innervation (176), and a thorough discussion of those findings and the possibility of PSNS innervation of WAT were presented recently (72,106,177,178). In that initial report (176), selective surgical denervation of the sympathetic innervation of WAT was thought to be achieved, thereby sparing the PSNS innervation.…”

Section: The Psns Innervation Appears Sparse At Bestmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For these and other reasons (72,106,177,178), we sought PSNS nerve markers in WAT (72). We used three types of animals, a standard mouse strain (C57BL mice), a genetically obese mouse strain (ob/ob mice), and a standard laboratory rat strain (Sprague-Dawley rats), examined three WAT pads (IWAT, RWAT, and EWAT), and tested for three previously proven neurochemical markers of PSNS innervation in other tissues (vesicular acetylcholine transporter, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and neuronal nitric oxide synthase).…”

Section: The Psns Innervation Appears Sparse At Bestmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thematic review series: Adipocyte Biology. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue

Bartness

Song

2007

Journal of Lipid Research

182

142

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During our study of the reversal of seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters, we found an interaction between receptors for the pineal hormone melatonin and the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow from brain to white adipose tissue (WAT). This ultimately led us and others to conclude that the SNS innervation of WAT is the primary initiator of lipid mobilization in these as well as other animals, including humans. There is strong neurochemical (norepinephrine turnover), neuroanatomical (viral tract tracing), and functional (sympathetic denervation-induced blockade of lipolysis) evidence for the role of the SNS in lipid mobilization. Recent findings suggest the presence of WAT sensory innervation based on strong neuroanatomical (viral tract tracing, immunohistochemical markers of sensory nerves) and suggestive functional (capsaicin sensory denervation-induced WAT growth) evidence, the latter implying a role in conveying adiposity information to the brain. By contrast, parasympathetic nervous system innervation of WAT is characterized by largely negative neuroanatomical evidence (viral tract tracing, immunohistochemical and biochemical markers of parasympathetic nerves). Functional evidence (intraneural stimulation and in situ microdialysis) for the role of the SNS innervation in lipid mobilization in human WAT is convincing, with some controversy regarding the level of sympathetic nerve activity in human obesity.-Bartness, T. J., and C. K. Song. Sympathetic and sensory innervation of white adipose tissue. J. Lipid Res. 2007. 48: 1655-1672. Supplementary key words obesityObesity is a disease of literally and figuratively enormous proportions (1, 2) and is an independent risk factor for type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, and some cancers (3-5). Estimates of the mortality rate of overweight/obese individuals range from ?325,000 deaths per year (6) to as low as ?26,000 (7), making overweight/ obesity either the number two or number seven cause of death in adults in the United States, respectively. Considerable research effort has focused on determining the factors involved in the development of obesity in nonhuman animals; consequently, our understanding of these is substantial, but still far from complete. Somewhat surprisingly, less effort has focused on determining the factors involved in the reversal of obesity in nonhuman animals. We have contributed to these latter efforts by studying the reversal of a naturally occurring seasonal obesity in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). In the process of conducting this work, we discovered the importance of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in lipid mobilization from white adipose tissue (WAT) as well as more recently realizing the possible importance of the sensory innervation of WAT. Several overviews of the role of the SNS in lipid mobilization were published recently (8-11). To give a better understanding of how we came to the realization that lipid mobilization occurs primarily through the sympathetic innervation of WAT, we will descri...

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“…From these results, Giordano et al (4) and Berthoud et al (2) concluded that parasympathetic innervation of fat tissue is not present to a significant extent. Although we understand that the absence of histological evidence for the presence of VAChT, VIP, and nNOS may lead to the conclusion that there is no vagal innervation, the authors should be well aware that the evidence for these markers has been very difficult to obtain in other organs and is highly variable.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%