“…Intervertebral disc vacuum phenomena and those located within synovial joint spaces are often associated with degenerative joint disease or excessive distractive forces, e.g. in case of stress radiography, joint luxation (Knutsson, 1942;Weber et al, 1995;Gottschalk et al, 1999, Schwarz et al, 2000, whereas intravertebral vacuum phenomena may be associated with both benign, e.g., traumatic fracture, osteomyelitis, and malignant (neoplasia) processes (Knutson, 1942;Resnick et al, 1981;Gohil et al, 2014). These gas lucencies should be differentiated from the venous air embolisms routinely seen on computed tomography studies in both humans and small animals secondary to vessel catheterization and contrast administration (Heng et al, 2014).…”