Diagnostic Imaging

Barrett, Myra F.; Acutt, Elizabeth V.; Redding, W. R.; Selberg, Kurt; Valdés‐Martínez, Alejandro; Spriet, Mathieu; Schramme, Michael; Ségard‐Weisse, Emilie; Turner, Tracy A.

doi:10.1002/9781119276715.ch3

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…24 In standing MR imaging motion artifact tends to be more pronounced in the hindlimb, than in the forelimb. 27 Although the motion artifact did not cause too many rescans in this study, motion correction software exists that could reduce or eliminate the motion artifact by 90% in the multi-slice helical system. 28 The machine used in this study does not currently have any motion correction software.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…It was interesting to note that the percentage of motion blurring artifacts was the same in the front‐ and hindlimbs, as horses’ front limbs have a higher weight distribution compared to the hindlimbs (58%:42%) 24 . In standing MR imaging motion artifact tends to be more pronounced in the hindlimb, than in the forelimb 27 . Although the motion artifact did not cause too many rescans in this study, motion correction software exists that could reduce or eliminate the motion artifact by 90% in the multi‐slice helical system 28 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Computed tomographic evaluation of the distal limb in the standing sedated horse: Technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and artifacts

Mathee

Robert

Higgerty³

et al. 2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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In several veterinary institutions, adjustments of CT machines have been made that allow for imaging of the standing horse. The risk of general anesthesia is eliminated and the shorter scan completion time reduces cost to clients. The objective of this retrospective, analytical study was to evaluate the technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and image artifacts of multi‐slice helical CT of horses’ distal limbs acquired under standing sedation. The CT images of 250 horses of various breeds, aged 3–23 years, that underwent standing distal limb CT were evaluated. Three observers assessed the CT images for artifacts and inter‐observer agreement was calculated. Eighty‐six percent (95% confidence interval (CI), 81–90) of the scans were carried out on the forelimbs, while 14% (95% CI, 10–19) were of the hindlimbs. A total of 65% (95% CI, 59–71) of horses that underwent standing sedated CT had single imaging diagnoses. Seventy‐one percent (95% CI, 65–77) of the cases had unilateral lesions, 27% (95% CI, 22–33) had bilateral lesions and 2% (95% CI, 1–4) had no diagnosed lesions. The average CT acquisition time was 17.5 minutes (range = 15–20). The average number of acquisitions per horse was 1.7 (median = 1; range = 1–4). There was good to excellent agreement between all three observers for the presence of motion artifact in the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joints, identification of marked beam hardening artifact, mild solar/ skin dirt, and photon starvation artifact (kappa 0.61‐0.80). No complications were encountered. Standing examination of the distal limb achieved diagnostic image quality that was obtained with minimal acquisition attempts and in a timely manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Computed tomographic evaluation of the distal limb in the standing sedated horse: Technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and artifacts

Mathee

Robert

Higgerty³

et al. 2022

Vet Radiology Ultrasound

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“…Skeletal lesions can only be detected when the mineralization has changed by about 50%. Abnormalities such as early synovitis and cartilage loss are also not recognized on plain radiographs ( 29 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The difference in radiographic findings in the distal limbs of working Lipizzan horses, used for dressage or driving

Zalig,

Vengust,

Blagus

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionLameness originating from the distal limb is common in sport horses and can vary depending on the dynamics of movement and the surface, with differences in shoeing exacerbating this variability. Driving horses work primarily on hard surfaces (pavement), whereas dressage horses work primarily on soft surfaces (riding arenas with sand). Driving horses are traditionally shod with small fixed studs made of hard metal, which are attached to the horseshoe at 4 points, while dressage horses are shod with a simple horseshoe. We investigated the hypothesis that there is a difference in the pathological radiographic findings of the distal limbs between driving and dressage horses. The variability in the stable management and training program was minimized by including horses from the same farm.MethodsTwenty horses in a driving training program and 20 horses in a dressage program were included in the study. Radiographs of the both front feet were obtained and quantitatively evaluated for radiographic changes by three surgery/diagnostic imaging specialists. Interrater reliability was measured, and multivariate analysis was performed to compare differences in pathological radiographic findings of the distal limbs between the two groups.ResultsKendal’s concordance coefficient indicated an agreement among raters (Kw ≠ 0) for all observations. Radiographic signs of degenerative joint disease of the distal interphalangeal joint were more common in the group of driving horses compared to dressage horses.ConclusionOur hypothesis was confirmed, as there were significant pathological differences between groups in distal articular margin of middle phalanx, joint space narrowing, and irregular joint surface of the middle phalanx.

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Teaching Tip: Design and Implementation of a Safe Equine Radiation-Free Radiographic Simulator for Veterinary Skills Training in the Pre-clinical Curriculum

Leith,

Hallam,

Englar

2023

Journal of Veterinary Medical Education

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The ninth standard of accreditation as outlined by the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) mandates that all accredited colleges of veterinary medicine must provide instruction in medicine and surgery, including principles of practice, hands-on experiences with diagnostic methods, and interpretation of clinical findings. In equine practice, diagnostic imaging is used as a first-line diagnostic approach and is an integral part of pre-purchase and lameness examinations. Accuracy and consistency of radiographic interpretation relies heavily upon procedural techniques to acquire diagnostic images and overcome both motion artifacts and obliquity. Because the sizes and temperaments of equine patients potentiate hazardous working conditions for the veterinary team, learners might benefit from simulations that allow them to practice holding the x-ray generator and the imaging plate for diagnostic image acquisition in the absence of live horses. This teaching tip describes the development of a novel equine radiographic simulator for skills training in the veterinary curriculum. The model allows learners to handle imaging equipment safely and without radiation exposure as they develop proficiency positioning radiographic plates and placing directional markers. Learners can also test their understanding of radiographic positioning in reverse: if given a radiograph, they can be asked to describe how the x-ray generator was positioned to obtain the diagnostic image. Future iterations will investigate the simulator's efficacy with respect to learning outcomes when the model is paired with an assessment rubric as part of an objective standardized clinical examination.

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Diagnostic Imaging

Cited by 3 publications

References 406 publications

Computed tomographic evaluation of the distal limb in the standing sedated horse: Technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and artifacts

Computed tomographic evaluation of the distal limb in the standing sedated horse: Technique, imaging diagnoses, feasibility, and artifacts

The difference in radiographic findings in the distal limbs of working Lipizzan horses, used for dressage or driving

Teaching Tip: Design and Implementation of a Safe Equine Radiation-Free Radiographic Simulator for Veterinary Skills Training in the Pre-clinical Curriculum

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