Vacuum deposited polymer/metal multilayer films for optical application

Affinito, John; Martin, Peter M.; Gross, M.; Coronado, C.A.; Greenwell, E. N.

doi:10.1016/0040-6090(95)06853-8

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…The acrylic coating, polymerized from tripropyleneglycol diacrylate [CH 2 CH CO (O CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 ) 3 O CO CH CH 2 ] monomer (Sartomer, USA), was deposited onto the PET substrate in a web-coater by vacuum ash evaporation of the monomer mixture (monomer with photoinitiator) and UV-cured [1]. The thickness of the acrylic coating was about 2 ¹m.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such multilayer stacks can be fabricated in-line and at high speed in a web-coater by combining the polymer multilayer (PML) technology (using either e-beam, UV, or plasma cure) [1] and those of traditional metal /metal oxide depositions, such as evaporation ¤ Also with Environmental Molecular Science Laboratory, 902 Battelle Bld., P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Plasma treatment of PET and acrylic coating surfaces - I. In-situ XPS measurements

Shi¹,

Dunham²,

Gross³

et al. 2000

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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The surface modi cation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and UV-cured tripropyleneglycol diacrylate (acrylic) lms induced by remote N 2 and Ar microwave plasmas (2.45 GHz) was compared by in-situ XPS measurements. Both N 2 and Ar plasma treatments led to destruction of the initial oxygen-containing groups. The destruction of ester groups was much faster for the acrylic than for the PET lm, and the destruction of ether groups was much faster than that of ester groups within the acrylic lm. Among the plasma gases, N 2 was more effective than Ar in the case of PET, but their difference was negligible in the case of the acrylic lm. The higher stability of the PET surface was attributed to the presence of a rigid aromatic backbone, which protected the ester groups from plasma UV irradiation and stabilized the free radicals. The lower stability of the acrylic lm was associated with the presence of weak ether groups. New functional groups were created, attributed to carbonyl in the case of Ar, and carbonyl/ amide and amine in the case of N 2 plasma treatments. The formation of these new functional groups was very small compared with the loss of ether and ester groups, suggesting that the destruction of these oxygen-containing groups proceeded mainly through elimination of the entire groups.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma treatment of PET and acrylic coating surfaces - I. In-situ XPS measurements

Shi¹,

Dunham²,

Gross³

et al. 2000

Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology

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“…Here each pair of polymer-metal layers is referred to as a "dyad." Affinito et al [6,7] have developed high speed, vacuum processes of vacuum extrusion of monomer salt solutions and flash evaporation of the monomer salt solution. This is followed by ebeam or ultraviolet curing for the deposition of polymer electrolyte layers on wide web substrates.…”

Section: Polymer/metal Multilayermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the methods are compatible with simultaneous, in-line, deposition by conventional processes such as sputtering or evaporation in a wide web system. They have fabricated Fabry-Perot interference filters using polymer/silver/polymer reflectors and tantalum/polymer/aluminum multilayers on polyester substrates by high-speed vacuum web coating [7].…”

Section: Polymer/metal Multilayermentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible packaging for PV modules

Dhere

2008

SPIE Proceedings

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Economic, flexible packages that provide needed level of protection to organic and some other PV cells over >25-years have not yet been developed. However, flexible packaging is essential in niche large-scale applications. Typical configuration used in flexible photovoltaic (PV) module packaging is transparent frontsheet/encapsulant/PV cells/flexible substrate. Besides flexibility of various components, the solder bonds should also be flexible and resistant to fatigue due to cyclic loading. Flexible front sheets should provide optical transparency, mechanical protection, scratch resistance, dielectric isolation, water resistance, UV stability and adhesion to encapsulant. Examples are Tefzel, Tedlar and Silicone. Dirt can get embedded in soft layers such as silicone and obscure light. Water vapor transmittance rate (WVTR) of polymer films used in the food packaging industry as moisture barriers are ~0.05 g/(m 2 .day) under ambient conditions. In comparison, light emitting diodes employ packaging components that have WVTR of ~10 -6 g/(m 2 .day). WVTR of polymer sheets can be improved by coating them with dense inorganic/organic multilayers. Ethylene vinyl acetate, an amorphous copolymer used predominantly by the PV industry has very high O 2 and H 2 O diffusivity. Quaternary carbon chains (such as acetate) in a polymer lead to cleavage and loss of adhesional strength at relatively low exposures. Reactivity of PV module components increases in presence of O 2 and H 2 O. Adhesional strength degrades due to the breakdown of structure of polymer by reactive, free radicals formed by high-energy radiation. Free radical formation in polymers is reduced when the aromatic rings are attached at regular intervals. This paper will review flexible packaging for PV modules.

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“…Therefore, a large-scale and simultaneously cold process is still required for the effective production of buried plasmonic NPs. The deposition of ceramic/metal multilayers and their laser-driven reconstruction would address both the aforementioned limitations, as it is capable of producing metals buried into dielectric ceramics with tunable optical response [32,33], while still compatible with a variety of large-scale deposition configurations such as in-line [34], roll-to-roll [35] or close-field [36] 5 sputtering, which are becoming nowadays the manufacturing routes of choice.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sub-surface laser nanostructuring in stratified metal/dielectric media: a versatile platform towards flexible, durable and large-scale plasmonic writing

et al. 2015

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Laser nanostructuring of pure ultrathin metal layers or ceramic/metal composite thin films has emerged as a 15 promising route for the fabrication of plasmonic patterns with applications in information storage, cryptography, and security tagging. However, the environmental sensitivity of pure Ag layers and the complexity of ceramic/metal composite film growth hinder the implementation of this technology to largescale production, as well as its combination with flexible substrates. In the present work we investigate an alternative pathway, namely, starting from non-plasmonic multilayer metal/dielectric layers, whose growth is 20 compatible with large scale production such as in-line sputtering and roll-to-roll deposition, which are then transformed into plasmonic templates by single-shot UV-laser annealing (LA). This entirely cold, large-scale process leads to a subsurface nanoconstruction involving plasmonic Ag nanoparticles embedded in a hard and inert dielectric matrix on top of both rigid and flexible substrates. The subsurface encapsulation of Ag nanoparticles provides durability and long-term stability, while the cold character of LA suits the use of 25 sensitive flexible substrates. The morphology of the final composite film depends primarily on the

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Vacuum deposited polymer/metal multilayer films for optical application

Cited by 28 publications

References 2 publications

Plasma treatment of PET and acrylic coating surfaces - I. In-situ XPS measurements

Plasma treatment of PET and acrylic coating surfaces - I. In-situ XPS measurements

Flexible packaging for PV modules

Sub-surface laser nanostructuring in stratified metal/dielectric media: a versatile platform towards flexible, durable and large-scale plasmonic writing

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