Vacina Brasil e estratégias de formação e desenvolvimento em imunizações

Abstract

T he National Immunization Program (PNI), created in 1973-earlier than the creation of the Brazilian National Health System (SUS) in 1988-, has been a determining factor for successful control of vaccine-preventable diseases in Brazil. The Program's work has contributed above all to important improvements in the health situation of the Brazilian population. Examples include: eradication of smallpox; elimination of poliomyelitis and urban yellow fever, elimination of the circulation of the measles virus (2016) and the rubella virus (2015); as well as reduction in the incidence of diphtheria, whooping cough, meningitis caused by type B H. influenzae , tetanus, tuberculosis in the under fifteen year-olds and, more recently, meningitis and pneumonia. 1 Reduction in vaccinepreventable disease incidence and mortality, especially in the first years of life, has had notable repercussions on increased life expectancy and reduced hospitalizations. 2-4 The list of vaccines offered by the SUS has increased over time. Nineteen vaccines are currently provided against more than twenty diseases. The National Vaccination Schedule, in the same way as in developed countries, covers not only children, but also adolescents, adults, seniors, pregnant women and indigenous peoples. 5 PNI's success and its growing complexity have, however, become an obstacle for maintaining adequate vaccination coverage. While people are no longer living alongside death and disabilities caused by vaccine-preventable diseases, they have become oblivious to the risk these diseases represent to their own health and to that of their family members and the community. 6 Within this scenario, fear of adverse events and spreading of fake news about immunobiologics emerge and outweigh knowledge about the importance and benefits of vaccination. Anti-vaccination movements, 7 although they are not very active in Brazil, are increasingly frequent and persuasive, and spread scientifically unfounded information about the risks of vaccination. In addition, operational factors such as restricted health center opening hours and under-recording of vaccine dose administration on the National Immunization Program Information System (SI-PNI), hinder both access to immunobiologics and monitoring of vaccination targets. The intense migratory movement seen in a country bordering Brazil, with an initial influx in the Brazilian state of Roraima, has contributed to the propagation of the measles virus, which is now circulating once more in Brazil, especially in the states located in the country's Northern region. More than 10,000 cases of the disease were confirmed in 2018, 8 and 646 cases distributed over eight states had been conformed as at July 2019. This demonstrates that additional efforts need to be mobilized in order to maintain adequate vaccination coverage. 9 In order to reverse the decline in vaccination coverage in Brazil, on April 9 th 2019 the Ministry of Health launched the Vacina Brasil Movement, during the XXII March to Brasília in Defense of the Municipalities, as...

Public policies on sexually transmitted infections in Brazil

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Redução da dor e ansiedade na vacinação: Revisão integrativa da literatura

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