Vaccinia Epidemic and Epizootic in El Salvador

Lum, Gary; F, Soriano; Trejos, A.; Llerena, J.

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1967.16.332

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Infections caused by orthopoxviruses in human and animals have been described in different countries (Lum et al 1967, Topciu et al 1976, Schatzmayr et al 2000). An outbreak of vaccinia virus infections in the same area during the smallpox mass vaccination campaign, with human and animal cases, has been described (Mesquita & Schatzmayr 1969).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 2 - Paraiba River Valley

Costa¹,

Simonetti²,

Abreu³

et al. 2007

VR&R

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 2 - Paraiba River Valley

Costa¹,

Simonetti²,

Abreu³

et al. 2007

VR&R

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“…Orthopoxvirus infections in human and animals have been described in several countries (Lum et al 1967, Mesquita & Schatzmayr 1969, Topciu et al 1976, Schatzmayr et al 2000. Nagasse-Sugahara et al (2004), studying 74 cases of a vesicular human disease in the Paraíba river valley in the state of São Paulo, indicated the circulation of poxviruses in the area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

et al. 2009

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In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

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“…Orthopoxvirus infections in humans and animals have been described in different countries (Lum et al 1967, Mesquita & Schatzmayr 1969, Topciu et al 1976. In Brazil, since the 1990s, the identification and diagnosis of cases have increased, in particular in the Southeast region, as has the interest in the study of this underestimated and underreported zoonosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poxvirus infections involving cattle and humans, primarily persons linked to rural areas, have been described in diff erent countries (Lum et al 1967, Topciu et al 1976) and in Brazil (Mesquita & Schatzmayr 1969, Schatzmayr et al 2000. Th e incidence of poxvirosis, a zoonosis caused by viruses of the family Poxviridae, has increased over the past two decades in Brazil, mainly in the southeast region of the country.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibodies Anti-Orthopoxvirus in Healthy Workers Who Handle Animals and in Patients With Cutaneous Lesions Compatible With Poxvirus Infection in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Barth¹,

Schatzmayr²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2014

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Th e incidence of poxvirosis, a zoonosis caused by viruses of the family Poxviridae, has increased over the past two decades in Brazil. Th e important features of the Orthopoxvirus infection include rapid spread, occurrence restricted to lactating cows, lack of hygiene, person-to-person spread, and occurrence at properties where milking is conducted. We detected the presence of vaccinia virus antibodies, specifi cally for Cantagalo virus, in samples from two distinct populations from the state of Rio de Janeiro: (i) healthy professionals who live in the State of Rio de Janeiro and handle animals and (ii) in patients with cutaneous lesions compatible with poxvirosis. Th e plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) was used. Of the 136 samples from the group of healthy professionals, 12 displayed seroreactivity with titres lower than or equal to 1/10. Anti-poxvirus antibodies were detected in 68.3% of samples of patients suspected to be infected with poxvirus (28/41). Th erefore, the plaque reduction neutralisation test constitutes a sensitive assay that can be more commonly used for diagnosis. Furthermore, professionals who handle animals should be included as an occupational risk group in areas with confi rmed human poxvirus cases.

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Vaccinia Epidemic and Epizootic in El Salvador

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 2 - Paraiba River Valley

Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 2 - Paraiba River Valley

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

Antibodies Anti-Orthopoxvirus in Healthy Workers Who Handle Animals and in Patients With Cutaneous Lesions Compatible With Poxvirus Infection in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

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