Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 2 - Paraiba River Valley

Costa, Renata Vitória Campos; Simonetti, Bruno R.; Abreu, D. C.; Simonetti, José Pascoal; Gonçalves, M. C.; Silva, M. E. V.; Brust, Luis Armando Calvão; Barth, Ortrud Monika; Schatzmayr, Hermann G.

doi:10.17525/vrrjournal.v12i1-2.11

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…In the state of Rio de Janeiro, animal and human poxvirus infections have been repeatedly described along the years (Silva & Moraes 1961, Mesquita & Schatzmayr 1969, De Souza et al 2003, Costa et al 2007, Donatele et al 2007. In this article, the clinical lesions observed in the animals confirmed observations of these authors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

et al. 2009

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In the present study we investigated the presence of infections by vaccinia-like viruses in dairy cattle from 12 counties in the state of Rio de Janeiro in the last 9 years. Clinical specimens were collected from adult animals with vesicular/pustular lesions mainly in the udder and teats, and from calves with lesions around the nose and mouth. A plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) was applied to search for antibodies to Orthopoxvirus; the vesicular/pustular fluids and scabs were examined by PCR, electron microscopy (EM) and by inoculation in VERO cells for virus isolation. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in most cases. The PCR test indicated a high nucleotide homology among the isolates and the vaccinia viruses (VACV) used as controls. By EM, typical orthopoxvirus particles were observed in some specimens. The agents isolated in tissue culture were confirmed as vaccinia-like viruses by EM and PCR. The HA gene of the vaccinia-like Cantagalo/IOC virus isolated in our laboratory was sequenced and compared with other vaccinia-like isolates, showing high homology with the original Cantagalo strain, both strains isolated in 1999 from dairy cattle. Antibodies to Orthopoxvirus were detected in one wild rodent (genus Akodon sp.) collected in the northwestern region of the state, indicating the circulation of poxvirus in this area. Nonetheless, PCR applied to tissue samples collected from the wild rodents were negative. Vesicular/pustular lesions in people in close contact with animals have been also recorded. Thus, the vaccinia-like virus infections in cattle and humans in the state seem to be an expanding condition, resulting in economic losses to dairy herds and leading to transient incapacitating human disease. Therefore, a possible immunization of the dairy cattle in the state should be carefully evaluated.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

et al. 2009

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“…They concluded that this region is the preferred area of movement of poxviruses, which was confirmed by this and other studies (Costa et al 2007, Damaso et al 2000, Trindade et al 2006.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…Damaso et al (2000) have shown that the virus, called Cantagalo (CTGV), isolated in municipalities with animals exhibiting vesicular/pustular disease is an Orthopoxvirus and that at the molecular level, this virus is very close to the sample vaccinia virus used in the past to prepare vaccines at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. Later, other authors confi rmed the circulation of similar viruses as a cause of infection in animals and humans, especially in the state of Rio de Janeiro and throughout southeastern Brazil (Costa et al 2007, Donatele et al 2007, Leite et al 2005, Nagasse-Sugahara et al 2004, Schatzmayr et al 2009a, Schatzmayr et al 2009b, Schatzmayr et al 2011, Trindade et al 2003, Trindade et al 2006, Trindade et al 2007. Th e movement of vaccinia virus has been confi rmed in the Brazilian territory and by reports in the international literature (Regnery 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Antibodies Anti-Orthopoxvirus in Healthy Workers Who Handle Animals and in Patients With Cutaneous Lesions Compatible With Poxvirus Infection in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Barth¹,

Schatzmayr²,

Gonçalves³

et al. 2014

VR&R

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Th e incidence of poxvirosis, a zoonosis caused by viruses of the family Poxviridae, has increased over the past two decades in Brazil. Th e important features of the Orthopoxvirus infection include rapid spread, occurrence restricted to lactating cows, lack of hygiene, person-to-person spread, and occurrence at properties where milking is conducted. We detected the presence of vaccinia virus antibodies, specifi cally for Cantagalo virus, in samples from two distinct populations from the state of Rio de Janeiro: (i) healthy professionals who live in the State of Rio de Janeiro and handle animals and (ii) in patients with cutaneous lesions compatible with poxvirosis. Th e plaque reduction neutralisation test (PRNT) was used. Of the 136 samples from the group of healthy professionals, 12 displayed seroreactivity with titres lower than or equal to 1/10. Anti-poxvirus antibodies were detected in 68.3% of samples of patients suspected to be infected with poxvirus (28/41). Th erefore, the plaque reduction neutralisation test constitutes a sensitive assay that can be more commonly used for diagnosis. Furthermore, professionals who handle animals should be included as an occupational risk group in areas with confi rmed human poxvirus cases.

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“…Most outbreaks are clustered in southeastern Brazil in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Minas Gerais and São Paulo. Some reports include multiple outbreaks that occurred over a time period [23,43] while others reported on a single outbreak [44,45]. Visual comparison of the four spatial resolutions of bioclim layers to the average size of VACVaffected municipalities led to the selection of the 5 arc-min resolution bioclim data for this analysis.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological niche modeling to determine potential niche of Vaccinia virus: a case only study

Quiner

Nakazawa

2017

Int J Health Geogr

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BackgroundEmerging and understudied pathogens often lack information that most commonly used analytical tools require, such as negative controls or baseline data; thus, new analytical strategies are needed to analyze transmission patterns and drivers of disease emergence. Zoonotic infections with Vaccinia virus (VACV) were first reported in Brazil in 1999, VACV is an emerging zoonotic Orthopoxvirus, which primarily infects dairy cattle and farmers in close contact with infected cows. Prospective studies of emerging pathogens could provide critical data that would inform public health planning and response to outbreaks. By using the location of 87-recorded outbreaks and publicly available bioclimatic data, we demonstrate one such approach. Using an ecological niche model (ENM) algorithm, we identify the environmental conditions under which VACV outbreaks have occurred, and determine additional locations in two affected countries that may be susceptible to transmission. Further, we show how suitability for the virus responds to different levels of various environmental factors and highlight the most important factors in determining its transmission.MethodsA literature review was performed and the geospatial coordinates of 87 molecularly confirmed VACV outbreaks in Brazil were identified. An ENM was generated using MaxENT software by combining principal component analysis results of 19 bioclim spatial layers, and 25 randomly selected subsets of the original list of 87 outbreaks.ResultsThe final ENM predicted all areas where Brazilian outbreaks occurred, one out of five of the Colombian outbreak regions and identified new regions within Brazil that are suitable for transmission based on bioclimatic factors. Further, the most important factors in determining transmission suitability are precipitation of the wettest quarter, annual precipitation, mean temperature of the coldest quarter and mean diurnal range.ConclusionThe analyses here provide a means by which to study patterns of an emerging infectious disease and identify regions that are potentially suitable for its transmission, in spite of the paucity of high-quality critical data. Policy and methods for the control of infectious diseases often use a reactionary model, addressing diseases only after significant impact on human health has ensued. The methodology used in the present work allows the identification of areas where disease is likely to appear, which could be used for directed intervention.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12942-017-0100-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Animal Infections by Vaccinia-Like Viruses in the State of Rio De Janeiro: 2 - Paraiba River Valley

Cited by 5 publications

References 12 publications

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

Animal infections by vaccinia-like viruses in the state of Rio de Janeiro: an expanding disease

Antibodies Anti-Orthopoxvirus in Healthy Workers Who Handle Animals and in Patients With Cutaneous Lesions Compatible With Poxvirus Infection in the State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

Ecological niche modeling to determine potential niche of Vaccinia virus: a case only study

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