Vaccines for the Skin and Mammary Gland of Ruminants

Watson, D. J.; Kerlin, Roy L.; East, I.J.; Colditz, Ian G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9226-2_10

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…18 However, Watson et al 34 found fewer T19 ϩ cells in the wool-free skin in the flank compared with previously reported number of T19 ϩ in wool-covered areas in the midflank. 35 In the present study, in the dermis of normal and vehicle-treated lambs, the presence of ␥␦ T cells was similar to that of CD4 ϩ cells and about one-tenth the size of the CD8 ϩ cell population (Table 2). These findings are in agreement with those of an earlier study of the ear skin of sheep 14 and emphasize that the distribution of ␥␦ T cells in the skin of sheep varies according to body site.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Prominence of γδ T Cells in the Elicitation Phase of Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced Contact Hypersensitivity in Lambs

Jörundsson

Press

Ulvund³

et al. 1999

Vet Pathol

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Immunohistochemical techniques were used to identify T-cell subpopulations in the ear skin of lambs during the elicitation phase of dinitrochlorobenzene (DCNB)-induced contact hypersensitivity. Thirty lambs (21-26 weeks of age) were divided into groups of 10. The shaved right ear of one group was treated with DNCB. Two weeks later, this group was challenged with DNCB. One group was treated with the vehicle alone, and the remaining group was left untreated. The lambs were killed 48 hours after challenge, and tissue specimens were collected from the ears of the three groups. There was an increase in T-cell populations in the skin of the DNCB-treated lambs 48 hours after challenge. The majority of the T cells were CD8+ and associated predominantly with the blood vessels and adnexa of the superficial dermis. There was also an increased presence of CD4+ cells and gammadelta T cells in the superficial dermis. In the epidermis, clusters of gammadelta T cells and CD4+ cells were associated with microlesions. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis was used to estimate the relative presence of the T-cell subpopulations in the superficial and deep dermis and the entire dermis. Statistical analysis of the relative area of immunostaining showed that the significant increases in all T-cell subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, and gammadelta T cells) in the entire dermis were accounted for by changes in the superficial dermis. The prominence of gammadelta T cells in delayed-type hypersensitivity in the skin of domestic ruminants has been the subject of conflicting reports. In the present study, CD4+ cell and gammadelta T-cell populations were of similar size in the normal and DNCB-treated lambs, suggesting an equal participation in the elicitation phase of contact hypersensitivity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Prominence of γδ T Cells in the Elicitation Phase of Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced Contact Hypersensitivity in Lambs

Jörundsson

Press

Ulvund³

et al. 1999

Vet Pathol

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“…Surface polysaccharides of Staph. aureus increased its resistance to phagocytosis (Foster 1991; Rainard and Poutrel 1991; Watson et al. 1993), which may contribute to the low cure rate of Staph.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causingStaphylococcus aureus

Zhen

Jin

Guo

et al. 2008

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims: To evaluate the in vitro activity of egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis‐causing Staphylococcus aureus. Methods and Results: Specific IgY was produced by immunizing hens with formaldehyde‐killed Staph. aureus, using a bacterial strain known to cause mastitis. The IgY, of 94% purity, was obtained from yolks by water dilution, salt precipitations, ultrafiltration and gel filtration. ELISA indicated that the IgY produced was specific to the antigen and five Staph. aureus isolates obtained from mastitic cows. The growth of Staph. aureus was inhibited by specific IgY at concentrations from 1 to 10 mg ml−1 in a dose‐dependent manner. The phagocytosis of Staph. aureus by milk macrophages was enhanced in the presence of specific IgY with the highest phagocytic percentage being 30% higher than that without IgY (P < 0·05). Conclusions: The specific IgY against mastitis‐causing Staph. aureus inhibited the growth of Staph. aureus and enhanced the phagocytosis of Staph. aureus by milk macrophages. Significance and Impact of the Study: Specific IgY would be a potential treatment for bovine mastitis.

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“…The presence of a serous exudate on the skin surface during fleece rot, the tendency for fleece rot lesions to resolve over time and the variation among individuals in resistance to fleece rot have motivated studies on immune mechanisms that might influence the expression and progression of the disease. For detailed reviews of immune responses in skin of sheep and their involvement in resistance to fleece rot, see Watson et al (1993Watson et al ( , 1994, Colditz and Tellam (2000), Colditz et al (2001) and Norris et al (2008). Many studies have drawn on the NSW DPI selection lines to investigate these mechanisms.…”

Section: Immunological Mechanisms Of Resistance To Fleece Rotmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fleece rot in sheep: a review of pathogenesis, aetiology, resistance and vaccines

et al. 2021

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Fleece rot develops following prolonged wetting of sheep when bacterial proliferation in wool and on skin induces exudation of serum proteins onto the skin surface and causes damage to wool follicles and fibres. These processes create an attractive environment for blowflies to lay eggs, leading to body strike. Current reliance on insecticides for prevention and treatment of fly strike is being increasingly challenged by development of insecticide resistance. This review examines the large body of past research on the bacterial causes of fleece rot, the genetics of sheep susceptibility and resistance, the characteristics of the resulting immune defence reactions, and attempts to control fleece rot by vaccination. The high dependence on weather conditions for expression of fleece rot hampers studies on the disease. Normal skin and wool are populated by a dynamic microbial community. During adverse environmental conditions, natural resistance to fleece rot associated with physical characteristics of wool and skin can be overwhelmed and a complex mix of bacteria flourishes. Prolonged hydration alone, and in combination with bacterial exoproducts, induces dermatitis and exudation of immunoglobulins and other serum proteins onto the skin surface. Pathogens do not usually penetrate the epidermis. Nonetheless, during prolonged skin hydration, sheep can become sensitised to fleece rot pathogens and produce antibodies. Antibody titres rise late within a typical (3 week) case of fleece rot. High naturally acquired antibody titres may contribute to resistance to fleece rot. In contrast to some evidence for a protective role of antibody, there is little evidence for innate or adaptive cellular immune responses contributing to protection against fleece rot pathogens. Previous attempts to develop vaccines have met with mixed success. Nonetheless, there remain prospects for development of a new vaccine to control fleece rot. Further knowledge on the microbial ecology of normal and wet skin would assist this endeavour and may help identify other control strategies.

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Vaccines for the Skin and Mammary Gland of Ruminants

Cited by 7 publications

References 120 publications

Prominence of γδ T Cells in the Elicitation Phase of Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced Contact Hypersensitivity in Lambs

Prominence of γδ T Cells in the Elicitation Phase of Dinitrochlorobenzene-induced Contact Hypersensitivity in Lambs

Characterization of specific egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) against mastitis-causingStaphylococcus aureus

Fleece rot in sheep: a review of pathogenesis, aetiology, resistance and vaccines

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