Vaccines against Group B Coxsackieviruses and Their Importance

Mone, Kiruthiga; Lasrado, Ninaad; Sur, Meghna; Reddy, Jay

doi:10.3390/vaccines11020274

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…Accumulating clinical evidence has shown that CVB4 infection is associated with a broad range of diseases with severe consequences, underscoring an unmet need for effective CVB4 vaccine [ 48 ]. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that both inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle are strong vaccine candidates with proven immunogenicity and protective efficacy in preclinical trials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles

Wang,

Pang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0. Both the inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle were able to potently elicit neutralizing antibodies in mice, despite slightly lower neutralizing antibody titres seen with the E-particle vaccine after the third immunization. Importantly, we demonstrated that passive transfer of either anti-F-particle or anti-E-particle sera could completely protect the recipient mice from lethal CVB4 challenge. Our study not only defines the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated CVB4 F-particle and E-particle but also reveals the central role of neutralizing antibodies in anti-CVB4 protective immunity, thus providing important information that may accelerate the development of inactivated CVB4 vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of inactivated coxsackievirus B4 viral particles

Wang,

Pang

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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“…For example, disease associations have been made with almost all six serotypes of Coxsackie B virus (CVBs) in relation to the heart, pancreas, brain, lungs, skin, eyes, and liver, among others. 201,202 Notably, myocarditis and/or pancreatitis could be caused by CVB1 to CVB5. 201,202 Thus, systemic responses generated consequent to the tissue damage in multiple organs may be difficult to delineate organ-specifically, which may confound interpretations of the data.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…201,202 Notably, myocarditis and/or pancreatitis could be caused by CVB1 to CVB5. 201,202 Thus, systemic responses generated consequent to the tissue damage in multiple organs may be difficult to delineate organ-specifically, which may confound interpretations of the data. Conversely, cardiotropic viruses may cause relatively more tissue damage in the heart than in other organs, and the resulting myocarditis can lead to DCM, but the infectious virions may or may not be detected in them.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 200 Pathologically, however, it may be hard to draw a clear distinction between them because many of these viruses can affect organs other than the heart. For example, disease associations have been made with almost all six serotypes of Coxsackie B virus (CVBs) in relation to the heart, pancreas, brain, lungs, skin, eyes, and liver, among others 201,202 . Notably, myocarditis and/or pancreatitis could be caused by CVB1 to CVB5 201,202 .…”

Section: Cardiac Autoimmunity In Viral Myocarditismentioning

confidence: 99%

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The knowns and unknowns of cardiac autoimmunity in viral myocarditis

Mone,

Reddy

2023

Reviews in Medical Virology

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Myocarditis can result from various infectious and non‐infectious causes that can lead to dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) and heart failure. Among the infectious causes, viruses are commonly suspected. But the challenge is our inability to demonstrate infectious viral particles during clinical presentations, partly because by that point, the viruses would have damaged the tissues and be cleared by the immune system. Therefore, viral signatures such as viral nucleic acids and virus‐reactive antibodies may be the only readouts pointing to viruses as potential primary triggers of DCM. Thus, it becomes hard to explain persistent inflammatory infiltrates that might occur in individuals affected with chronic myocarditis/DCM manifesting myocardial dysfunctions. In these circumstances, autoimmunity is suspected, and antibodies to various autoantigens have been demonstrated, suggesting that immune therapies to suppress the autoimmune responses may be necessary. From this perspective, we endeavoured to determine whether or not the known viral causes are associated with development of autoimmune responses to cardiac antigens that include both cardiotropic and non‐cardiotropic viruses. If so, what their nature and significance are in developing chronic myocarditis resulting from viruses as primary triggers.

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“…Additionally, the strain used was derived from golden monkeys, which may exhibit significant differences in host adaptability compared to human-derived viruses. Recent studies indicate that CVB3 is associated with long-term disease, such as type I diabetes ( Mone et al., 2023 ). Therefore, our primary objective was to establish a CVB3 rhesus monkey animal model based on experimental results in Syrian hamsters with different infection modes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%