Vaccine-induced T cell-mediated immunity plays a critical role in early protection against pseudorabies virus (suid herpes virus type 1) infection in pigs

Rooij, E.M.A. van; Bruin, M.G.M. de; Visser, Y.E. de; Middel, W.G.J.; Boersma, W.J.A.; Bianchi, A.T.J.

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.01.004

Cited by 40 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The relative importance of a vaccine-induced cellmediated immunity (CMI) and the antibody responses in the early protection against a PrV infection has been previously demonstrated (4,23,43). During a viral infection, the neutralizing antibodies can inactivate the free viral particles, but cannot inhibit an intraceullular PrV infection (34).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During a viral infection, the neutralizing antibodies can inactivate the free viral particles, but cannot inhibit an intraceullular PrV infection (34). The Bianchi group found no clear correlation between the antibody levels (in serum or locally) and levels of disease and virus excretion in vaccinated animals (43). Conceivably, the cell-mediated responses may be a more crucial parameter for the early protection against a viral challenge (43).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conceivably, the cell-mediated responses may be a more crucial parameter for the early protection against a viral challenge (43). IFN-γ may show a particular correlation with protection in terms of reducing the rate of virus shedding as well as reducing the clinical signs (4,43). IFN-γ may protect the host's APC compartment from an extensive viral infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cytokine GM‐CSF Genetic Adjuvant Facilitates Prophylactic DNA Vaccine against Pseudorabies Virus through Enhanced Immune Responses

Yoon

Aleyas

George

et al. 2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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Granulocyte/macrophage colony‐stimulatory factor (GM‐CSF) is an attractive adjuvant for a DNA vaccine on account of its ability to recruit antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) to the site of antigen synthesis as well as its ability to stimulate the maturation of dendritic cells (DCs). This study evaluated the utility of GM‐CSF cDNA as a DNA vaccine adjuvant for glycoprotein B (gB) of pseudorabies virus (PrV) in a murine model. The co‐injection of GM‐CSF DNA enhanced the levels of serum PrV‐specific IgG with a 1.5‐ to 2‐fold increase. Moreover, GM‐CSF co‐injection inhibited the production of IgG2a isotype. However, it enhanced production of an IgG1 isotype resulting in humoral responses biased to the Th2‐type against PrV antigen. In contrast, the co‐administration of GM‐CSF DNA enhanced the T cell‐mediated immunity biased to the Th1‐type, as judged by the significantly higher level of cytokine IL‐2 and IFN‐γ production but not IL‐4. When challenged with a lethal dose of PrV, the GM‐CSF co‐injection enhanced the resistance against a PrV infection. This suggests that co‐inoculation with a vector expressing GM‐CSF enhanced the protective immunity against a PrV infection. This immunity was caused by the induction of increased humoral and cellular immunity in response to PrV antigen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cytokine GM‐CSF Genetic Adjuvant Facilitates Prophylactic DNA Vaccine against Pseudorabies Virus through Enhanced Immune Responses

Yoon

Aleyas

George

et al. 2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…It is well documented that vaccination induces resistance against virus growth in the oronasal mucosa, consequently reduces the excretion of challenge virus shedding; however, vaccines greatly differ in this respect [15][16][17][18][19][20]. Cellular immune responses were associated with the differing kinetics between the virus excretion of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs [4,21,22]. The lower amount of viable virus detected by virus isolation than those detected by qPCR in the vaccinated animals reflects the effect of a local immune response through cytotoxic T cells and interferon production, which reduce ADV replication and shedding [22,23].…”

confidence: 99%

“…Cellular immune responses were associated with the differing kinetics between the virus excretion of vaccinated and non-vaccinated pigs [4,21,22]. The lower amount of viable virus detected by virus isolation than those detected by qPCR in the vaccinated animals reflects the effect of a local immune response through cytotoxic T cells and interferon production, which reduce ADV replication and shedding [22,23]. At the same time, no neutralizing activity of the nasal washings was found after ADV challenge [24].…”

confidence: 99%

Different Shedding Patterns Measured by Virus Isolation and Real-Time PCR in Pigs Challenged with Aujeszky’s Disease Virus

Palya¹

2017

IJVR

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Aujeszky's Disease (AD) is a major pig disease that accounts for devastating economic losses to pig industry. AD is controlled by containment of infected herds, use of vaccines and removal of latently infected animals. In endemic areas, control programmes against AD rely on the use of vaccines that efficiently limit the replication of virulent virus in infected pigs. The presented study investigated the efficacy of a live vaccine, administered to the pigs by the intramuscular route in an oil/water emulsion adjuvant, to reduce the excretion of challenge virus by vaccinated pigs using virus isolation and real-time PCR (qPCR) to determine the amount of excreted virus.Both virus detecting assays showed that the vaccinated animals shed significantly lower amount of virus than the nonvaccinated controls, and the quantity of the shed viruses decreased over time. Interestingly, while in the non-vaccinated control animals the virus titres detected by virus isolation and qPCR were approximately the same, in the vaccinated ones the amount of viable virus measured by virus isolation was consistently less than those detected by qPCR. These findings indirectly demonstrate that vaccination with a live virus induces effective local immunity at the primary site of replication, which reduces shedding and transmission of challenge virus. The results also pointed out that qPCR detection of the viral nucleic acid is not equal with viable viruses, which should be considered when interpreting the outcome of virus detecting assays.

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Aujeszky’s Disease

Dors

Mól

2017

Emerging and Re-Emerging Infectious Diseases of Livestock

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Vaccine-induced T cell-mediated immunity plays a critical role in early protection against pseudorabies virus (suid herpes virus type 1) infection in pigs

Cited by 40 publications

References 31 publications

Cytokine GM‐CSF Genetic Adjuvant Facilitates Prophylactic DNA Vaccine against Pseudorabies Virus through Enhanced Immune Responses

Cytokine GM‐CSF Genetic Adjuvant Facilitates Prophylactic DNA Vaccine against Pseudorabies Virus through Enhanced Immune Responses

Different Shedding Patterns Measured by Virus Isolation and Real-Time PCR in Pigs Challenged with Aujeszky’s Disease Virus

Aujeszky’s Disease

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