Vaccine-induced modulation of gene expression in turbot peritoneal cells. A microarray approach

Abstract

We used a microarray approach to examine changes in gene expression in turbot peritoneal cells after injection of the fish with vaccines containing the ciliate parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi as antigen and one of the following adjuvants: chitosan-PVMMA microspheres, Freund́s complete adjuvant, aluminium hydroxide gel or Matrix-Q (Isconova, Sweden). We identified 374 genes that were differentially expressed in all groups of fish. Forty-two genes related to tight junctions and focal adhesions and/or actin cytoskeleton were differentially expressed in free peritoneal cells. The profound changes in gene expression related to cell adherence and cytoskeleton may be associated with cell migration and also with the formation of cell-vaccine masses and their attachment to the peritoneal wall. Thirty-five genes related to apoptosis were differentially expressed. Although most of the proteins coded by these genes have a proapoptotic effect, others are antiapoptotic, indicating that both types of signals occur in peritoneal leukocytes of vaccinated fish. Interestingly, many of the genes related to lymphocytes and lymphocyte activity were downregulated in the groups injected with vaccine. We also observed decreased expression of genes related to antigen presentation, suggesting that macrophages (which were abundant in the peritoneal cavity after vaccination) did not express these during the early inflammatory response in the peritoneal cavity. Finally, several genes that participate in the inflammatory response were differentially expressed, and most participated in resolution of inflammation, indicating that an M2 macrophage response is generated in the peritoneal cavity of fish one day post vaccination.

Interactions between the Parasite Philasterides dicentrarchi and the Immune System of the Turbot Scophthalmus maximus. A Transcriptomic Analysis

“…Previous studies have shown that P. dicentrarchi proteases induce apoptosis in turbot cells [ 14 ]. However, increased expression of genes related to apoptosis or in the number of apoptotic cells in turbot peritoneal cells after injection with other stimuli have also been observed [ 31 , 78 ]. Other studies have also shown that large numbers of neutrophils migrate to the peritoneal cavity after injection of P. dicentrarchi [ 21 ] and many of these cells seem to initiate the expression of genes leading to apoptosis.…”

“…Ef1 -α was identified as the most stable in both cases and was therefore selected as the reference gene for qPCR analysis. The qPCR analysis was carried out as previously described [ 31 ]. Relative gene expression was quantified by the 2 −ΔΔC t method [ 32 ] applied with software conforming to minimum information for publication of qRT-PCR experiments (MIQE) guidelines [ 33 ].…”

Efficacy of bath vaccination with a live attenuated Vibrio harveyi against vibriosis in Asian seabass fingerling, Lates calcarifer

“…Moreover, MHC I plays an important role in host immunity mechanisms against intracellular bacterial pathogens (Buttrum et al, ), such as V. harveyi (Wang et al, ). The low expression of CCL4 in the gill following bath vaccination with LAVh and FKVh could be related to the low population of lymphocytes in gills (Fontenla et al, ). But the high expression of CCL4 in the liver, kidney and skin at 24 hr post‐vaccination indicates the capability of LAVh to induce innate immune response in internal organs as well as in mucosal organs, such as the skin.…”

Distinct response of immune gene expression in peripheral blood leucocytes modulated by bacterin vaccine candidates in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss: A potential in vitro screening and batch testing system for vaccine development in aquaculture

“…), acute phase protein genes (SAA, SAP1 and COX-2), antimicrobial peptide genes (CATH1, CATH2 and LEAP1), as well as adaptive cytokine genes (IFNγ, IL-17A/F and IL-4/13) are increased in PBL by bacterin vaccine candidates in this study. Their expression is also increased in vivo by injection vaccination in rainbow trout [18,30,61], Atlantic salmon [33,62] and other fish species [63][64][65].…”

“…Consequently, immune gene expression in response to vaccination can be different in different tissues [29,30,65], and can even show fish species-specificity [66]. For example, genes associated with T and B lymphocyte activity and migration, such as CCR7 and CCR9, are decreased in peritoneal cells after intraperitoneal injection vaccination [63]. This decreased gene expression may be a consequence of different phenomena, that include a rapid influx of myeloid cells to the peritoneal cavity after vaccination [67], or exit of leucocytes expressing high levels of CCR7 and CCR9 that home to secondary lymphoid tissues to initiate adaptive immune responses, or the actions of both.…”