Vaccination strategies to prevent tuberculosis in the new millennium: from BCG to new vaccine candidates

Franco‐Paredes, Carlos; Rouphael, Nadine; Rı́o, Carlos del; Santos-Preciado, José Ignacio

doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2005.06.002

Cited by 24 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(157 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The potential use of vaccinations to control leprosy needs to be reassessed. The Mycobacterium bovis BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine used to prevent disseminated forms of tuberculosis has been reported to impart protection against HD in different populations (97). However, we believe that a key public health outcome, along with decreasing further transmission (98), is to focus control efforts on preventing HD-associated disability and to foster improvements in the quality of life for those affected by HD (99).…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy in the 21st Century

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SUMMARY Despite significant improvements in leprosy (Hansen's disease) treatment and outlook for patients since the introduction of multidrug therapy (MDT) 3 decades ago, the global incidence remains high, and patients often have long-term complications associated with the disease. In this article, we discuss recent findings related to genetics, susceptibility, and disease reservoirs and the implications of these findings for Hansen's disease control and health outcomes for patients. We describe the continued difficulties associated with treatment of inflammatory episodes known as “leprosy reactions,” which cause much of the disability associated with the disease and can affect people for many years after MDT is complete. We also discuss some of the contemporary challenges for physicians and patients, including international and internal migration of people affected by the disease. We suggest some important areas of focus for future Hansen's disease research.

show abstract

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Leprosy in the 21st Century

2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To gain protection, people are vaccinated with live, attenuated M. bovis BCG (Bacille Calmette Guérin) vaccine. The estimates of the BCG-induced protection against pulmonary TB vary from 0 in South India to 80% in the United Kingdom [2,3]. Nevertheless, the neonatal BCG vaccination is associated with a significantly lower incidence of TB in children.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monocyte response receptors in BCG driven delayed type hypersensitivity to tuberculin.

Strapagiel

Kasztalska²,

Druszczyńska³

et al. 2008

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Tuberculosis (TB) still remains the leading cause of mortality due to bacterial pathogen. The only currently available vaccine against TB, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is at best credited with a 50% overall protective efficacy. Skin testing with purified protein derivative (PPD) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the method of detecting BCG-induced cell mediated immunity, in vivo. In the previous study we found that approximately 60% young volunteers with no history of TB, who had been subjected to neonatal BCG vaccination and revaccination(s) at school age, developed delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) to tuberculin. The remaining volunteers were persistently tuberculin negative. Moreover, we found a significant association between BCG driven development of DTH to PPD and the polymorphism within the CD14 C/T(-159) gene for macrophage receptor recognising mycobacterial compounds. It has suggested that the CD14 gene variants may play a role in the appearance and persistence of DTH to PPD in BCG vaccinated subjects. In order to extend our study on a possible role of CD14 in BCG driven DTH response to PPD, we measured the expression of mCD14 on macrophages, stimulated or not stimulated with mycobacterial antigens, and the serum levels of sCD14. Considering the importance of CD14 -TLR2/TLR4 interactions in macrophage signalling, we determined the polymorphism of TLR2 and TLR4 genes as well as macrophage expression of TLR2 for the volunteers with and without skin reactivity to PPD. We observed a subtle but significant decrease in CD14 density on adherent monocytes from tuberculin positive versus tuberculin negative volunteers. However, we found no difference in CD14 density on monocytes enriched in CD14+ cells using anti-CD14 mAb coupled to magnetic beads. A significant increase in CD14 density was observed on macrophages stimulated with PPD and LPS but not with live BCG bacilli. However, this increase as well as serum levels of soluble sCD14 were similar in the volunteers with and without skin reactions to PPD. Thus, our suggestion on the role of CD14 in the generation of DTH to tuberculin in BCG vaccinated subjects should be further explored. The most important CD14 co-receptors are Toll-like receptors (TLRs) which activate nuclear factors for the production of inflammatory cytokines. However, we could see no association between the polymorphisms of TLR4 (Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile) and TLR2 genes (Arg753Gln and Arg677Trp) and skin responses to PPD. Also, the TLR2 density was similar on monocytes from tuberculin negative and tuberculin positive volunteers.

show abstract

“…Current global control efforts targeting TB include the treatment of latent TB infection, case detection and treatment with directly observed therapy shortcourse (DOTS) as well as BCG vaccination (Franco, 2006). However, the current "gold standard" vaccine mycobacterium bovis BCG has a limited efficacy that wanes over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Immune Responses Induced in Mice by Vaccination with DNA Vaccine Constructs Expressing Mycobacterial Antigen 85A and Interleukin-21 and Bacillus Galmette-Guérin

Dou

Tang

Zhao

et al. 2008

Immunological Investigations

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this paper, we addressed the immune adjuvant effects of interleukin(IL)-21 on DNA vaccine constructs expressing mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Ag85A and compared immune responses induced in mice inoculated DNA vaccine constructs expressing Ag85A and IL-21 with mice inoculated DNA vaccine constructs expressing Ag85A alone or Bacillus Galmette-Guérin(BCG.). In this experiment, the gene of IL-21 was firstly amplified from plasmid pcDNA3.1-mIL21 by PCR and cloned into the plasmid pRSC, forming recombinant plasmid pRSC-IL21. Then, the gene of Ag85A was amplified from the plasmid pIRES-Ag85A by PCR and cloned into the recombinant pRSC-IL21 again, finally forming co-expression DNA vaccine constructs pRSC-IL21-Ag85A. It was identified by the analysis of endonuclease digestion, DNA sequencing, the IL-21 and Ag85A expression in SP2/0 cells. Mice were i.m. immunized with BCG, DNA vaccine constructs pRSC-Ag85A or pRSC-IL21-Ag85A respectively, and the immune responses induced in mice was compared with other vaccines. The results showed that the DNA vaccine constructs pRSC-IL21-Ag85A was successfully constructed since the Ag85A and IL-21 was correctly expressed in SP2/0 cells respectively, and it elicited stronger immune responses in Balb/c mice than that of mice immunized with pRSC-Ag85A and the efficiency was as BCG did. We concluded that the IL-21 was a promising immune adjunctive modality to enhance immunigenicity of DNA vaccine containing Ag85A and the study provided the possibility of further development of immune accessory effect of IL-21 on DNA vaccine against TB.

show abstract

Vaccination strategies to prevent tuberculosis in the new millennium: from BCG to new vaccine candidates

Cited by 24 publications

References 65 publications

Leprosy in the 21st Century

Leprosy in the 21st Century

Monocyte response receptors in BCG driven delayed type hypersensitivity to tuberculin.

Comparison of Immune Responses Induced in Mice by Vaccination with DNA Vaccine Constructs Expressing Mycobacterial Antigen 85A and Interleukin-21 and Bacillus Galmette-Guérin

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About