Vaccinal prevention of nodular dermatitis in Hereford cattle (clinical and immunological implications)

Abstract

Animal vaccination is the principal method of preventing nodular dermatitis in cattle. Objective: to analyze the impact of using a specific transfer factor in vaccination of Hereford cattle against nodular dermatitis on the development of immunity and indices of animal homeostasis. Application of the transfer factor and the vitamin preparation Asidivit in the vaccination of animals against nodular dermatitis has reduced the reactogenicity of the vaccine in the form of a lower temperature reaction to the medicinal preparation of biological origin. The combined application of the immunoamplifier and Asidivit decreased the negative impact of vaccination on the liver of animals. The greatest quantitative decrease in bilirubin in the blood serum by 14% was observed. It made it possible to achieve a significant increase in antibodies in the blood serum by 72.4% compared to the initial analysis and an increase in the number of antibody-positive animals up to 80%.

The Serological Response in Cattle following Administration of a Heterologous Sheep Pox Virus Strain Vaccine for Protection from Lumpy Skin Disease; Current Situation in Armenia

“…Following 30 days after vaccination, 86.09% (83.83–87.97%) of the studied animals seroconverted with detectable antibodies to LSDV. This has been shown in previous publications with the development of lower neutralizing antibody titers following vaccination with a sheep pox virus vaccine in cattle [ 22 , 35 ]. This could be due to the concentration or titer of the vaccine and it could be related to the vaccinated animal having a concomitant disease, maternal antibodies, and cold chain maintenance.…”

“…Additionally, there have been reports of adverse reactions in cattle when using other sheep pox vaccines (POXVAX-10X and PENPOX-3X, both produced in Turkey and used in Georgia and Turkey respectively) [ 32 ]; however, we have not observed any adverse reactions with the ARRIAH strain nor development of lesions, which has been noted following administration of homologous LSD strains [ 33 ], although it should be noted that a homologous LSDV vaccine was successfully used in the Balkans to eradicate the disease [ 34 ]. There has been preliminary data for both sheep and cattle with the ARRIAH dry culture sheep pox virus vaccine [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 ]. These have been limited in the numbers of animals tested, the methods of the testing, and the lack of a controlled challenge study to fully assess the vaccine and its ability to protect cattle from LSDV.…”

“…They also do not mention the field strain of LSDV that caused the outbreak, nor did they provide any comparison to the vaccine strain. There was an additional study assessing the immune response in Hereford cattle following vaccination with the ARRIAH sheep pox virus vaccine [ 35 , 36 ]. They reported overall development of antibodies in three groups of cattle: (1) vaccination alone, (2) vaccination plus interferon-B, and (3) vaccination plus Asidivit, the latter two being used to boost the immune response to vaccination with this vaccine in cattle.…”

“…They reported overall development of antibodies in three groups of cattle: (1) vaccination alone, (2) vaccination plus interferon-B, and (3) vaccination plus Asidivit, the latter two being used to boost the immune response to vaccination with this vaccine in cattle. Their vaccination alone group showed 40% of the animals developed positive antibodies with the two treatment groups developing positive antibodies in 60% and 80%, respectively [ 35 ]. There were also caveats with this publication as they do not mention the dose of sheep pox virus vaccine given to the cattle and the numbers of cattle tested were very low.…”

Pathological features of the lungs and liver of piglets under conditions of constant vaccination of livestock against circovirus infection

“…The formation of a healthy livestock of animals and the success of getting a full-fledged immune response when using a vaccine depends on the state of cells and tissues at the possible inlets of infection and the liver, as the liver serves as biological laboratory responsible not only for the disinfection of metabolic products, but also the formation of immunity [25][26][27].…”