Vaccarin administration ameliorates hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling in renovascular hypertensive rats

Abstract

Sympathetic overdrive, activation of renin angiotensin systems (RAS), and oxidative stress are vitally involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. We recently identified that vaccarin protected endothelial cell function from oxidative stress or high glucose. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether vaccarin attenuated hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling. Two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) model rats were used, and low dose of vaccarin (10 mg/kg), high dose of vaccarin (30 mg/kg), captopril (30 mg/kg) were intraperitoneally administrated. Herein, we showed that 2K1C rats exhibited higher systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), left ventricular mass/body weight ratio, myocardial hypertrophy or fibrosis, media thickness, and media thickness to lumen diameter, which were obviously alleviated by vaccarin and captopril. In addition, both vaccarin and captopril abrogated the increased plasma renin, angiotensin II (Ang II), norepinephrine (NE), and the basal sympathetic activity.The AT1R protein expressions, NADPH oxidase subunit NOX-2 protein levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were significantly increased, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities were decreased in myocardium, aorta, and mesenteric artery of 2K1C rats, both vaccarin and captopril treatment counteracted these changes in renovascular hypertensive rats. Collectively, we concluded that vaccarin may be a novel complementary therapeutic medicine for the prevention and treatment of hypertension. The mechanisms for antihypertensive effects of vaccarin may be associated with inhibition of sympathetic activity, RAS, and oxidative stress.

Morphological and Functional Characteristics of Animal Models of Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Pressure Overload

“…In another study that used a stainless steel wire (diameter: 0.3 mm), the occurrence time of fibres was at 21 days, and underperfusion of the right kidney was successful in all animals [60]. Placing a silver clip (0.2 mm internal space) on the renal artery to create partial occlusion, the blood pressure in the rats increased significantly 7 days after surgery [61]. At 4 weeks, obvious myocardial fibrosis was observed, which was consistent with the increased markers of fibrosis (collagen high I and collagen high III and fibronectin) [61].…”

“…Placing a silver clip (0.2 mm internal space) on the renal artery to create partial occlusion, the blood pressure in the rats increased significantly 7 days after surgery [61]. At 4 weeks, obvious myocardial fibrosis was observed, which was consistent with the increased markers of fibrosis (collagen high I and collagen high III and fibronectin) [61]. In 3 other studies that used needles and thread of the same specification, the occurrence time of myocardial fibrosis was different at 15 days [62], 6 weeks [63], and 17 weeks [64].…”

Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis Revealed Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets Of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Pinggan-Qianyang Decoction) On Vascular Remodeling In Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats

“…The thoracic aorta below the aortic arch of each rat was stripped and clipped. A portion was xed in 8% neutral formaldehyde, embedded in para n, sectioned at 5 µm, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and Masson, and then observed with electron microscopy [23]. Light microscopy was used to image each cross-sectional slice, of which there were ve per rat.…”

The changes of some indicators of endothelial dysfunction in response to physical activity in individuals with arterial hypertension

“…Îêð³ì òîãî, â ïàòî´åíåç³ àðòåð³éíî¿ ã³ïåðòåí糿 çíà÷íó ðîëü â³ä³ãðຠï³äâèùåííÿ ãîðìîíàëüíî¿ àêòèâíîñò³ (êîðòèçîë) òà ïîêàç-íèê³â îêèñíîãî ñòðåñó (ï³äâèùåííÿ ð³âíÿ ìàëîíîâîãî äèàëüäåã³äó, çíèaeåííÿ àêòèâíîñò³ ñóïåðîêñèääèñìóòàçè òà êàòàëàçè) [24]. Á³ëü-ø³ñòü âàçîðåãóëþþ÷èõ ðå÷îâèí 䳺 íà ñóäèííó ñò³íêó çà äîïîìîãîþ óí³âåðñàëüíîãî ìå-õàí³çìó -ñèíòåçó åíäîòå볺ì îêñèäó àçîòó.…”