V2 protein encoded by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is an RNA silencing suppressor

Zhang, Jie; Dong, Jingyun; Xu, Yi; Wu, Jiajing

doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2011.08.009

Cited by 68 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Moreover, in contrast to what was observed for TGB3, the elicitor activity of P25 in N. benthamiana could not be ameliorated by coexpression of BiP, suggesting that ER stress was not involved in HR elicited by P25. We suspect that the elicitor function of P25 might also have contributed to the exacerbation of symptoms observed in other studies by recombinant PVX viruses expressing viral proteins with RNA silencing suppressor activity (20)(21)(22)(23). Thus, caution should be taken when evaluating viral proteins as pathogenicity determinants in PVX chimeric viruses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…The expression of HC by a PVX vector is sufficient to induce the increase of PVX pathogenicity in N. benthamiana, albeit PVX gRNA accumulated at levels similar to those in plants infected with the PVX empty vector (19). Further, exacerbation of pathogenicity, including death in N. benthamiana, produced by recombinant PVX expressing VSRs from other viruses has not been linked to an increase in the accumulation of PVX gRNA (20)(21)(22)(23). These conflicting published results on the role of PVX accumulation in inducing SN in Nicotiana spp.…”

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confidence: 98%

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The P25 Protein of Potato Virus X (PVX) Is the Main Pathogenicity Determinant Responsible for Systemic Necrosis in PVX-Associated Synergisms

Aguilar

Almendral

Allende

et al. 2015

J Virol

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Most plant viruses counter the RNA silencing-based antiviral defense by expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). In this sense, VSRs may be regarded as virulence effectors that can be recognized by the host as avirulence (avr) factors to induce R-mediated resistance. We made use of Agrobacterium-mediated transient coexpression of VSRs in combination with Potato virus X (PVX) to recapitulate in local tissues the systemic necrosis (SN) caused by PVX-potyvirus synergistic infections in Nicotiana benthamiana. The hypersensitive response (HR)-like response was associated with an enhanced accumulation of PVX subgenomic RNAs. We further show that expression of P25, the VSR of PVX, in the presence of VSR from different viruses elicited an HR-like response in Nicotiana spp. Furthermore, the expression of P25 by a Plum pox virus (PPV) vector was sufficient to induce an increase of PPV pathogenicity that led to necrotic mottling. A frameshift mutation in the P25 open reading frame (ORF) of PVX did not lead to necrosis when coexpressed with VSRs. These findings indicate that P25 is the main PVX determinant involved in eliciting a systemic HR-like response in PVX-associated synergisms. Moreover, we show that silencing of SGT1 and RAR1 attenuated cell death in both PVX-potyvirus synergistic infection and the HR-like response elicited by P25. Our study underscores that P25 variants that have impaired ability to suppress RNA silencing cannot act as elicitors when synergized by the presence of other VSRs. These findings highlight the importance of RNA silencing suppression activity in the HR-like response elicited by VSRs in certain hosts. IMPORTANCEThe work presented here describes how the activity of the PVX suppressor P25 elicits an HR-like response in Nicotiana spp. when overexpressed with other VSR proteins. This finding suggests that the SN response caused by PVX-associated synergisms is a delayed immune response triggered by P25, once it reaches a threshold level by the action of other VSRs. Moreover, this work supports the contention that the silencing suppressor activity of PVX P25 protein is a prerequisite for HR elicitation. We propose that unidentified avr determinants could be involved in other cases of viral synergisms in which heterologous "helper" viruses encoding strong VSRs exacerbate the accumulation of the avr-encoding virus. I n host-virus interactions, RNA silencing triggered by viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a general mechanism involved in immunity against viruses (1). By analogy with the zigzag model that describes plant-microbe interactions, dsRNA and RNA silencing could be regarded as a viral pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) and PAMP-triggered immunity, respectively (2). Most viruses counter the RNA silencing-based antiviral defense by expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Therefore, VSRs may be regarded as virulence effectors that facilitate viral infection in plants. As suggested by the zigzag model, plants may have developed a countermeasure agai...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

mentioning

confidence: 98%

The P25 Protein of Potato Virus X (PVX) Is the Main Pathogenicity Determinant Responsible for Systemic Necrosis in PVX-Associated Synergisms

Aguilar

Almendral

Allende

et al. 2015

J Virol

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“…One of such suppressor protein is V2, identified in two TYLCV isolates, Israeli (TYLCV-Is) 5,6 and Chinese (TYLCV-China). 7 The TYLCV-Is V2 most likely suppresses RNA silencing via its interaction with the host RNA silencing machinery component SGS3. 6 Intriguingly, the counter-defense function of TYLCV-Is V2 may not be limited to silencing suppression.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

TheTomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) V2 protein interacts with the host papain-like cysteine protease CYP1

Bar-Ziv

Levy

Hak

et al. 2012

Plant Signaling & Behavior

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“…In such interactions a suppressor encoded by one virus can be used by the other virus, and thus result in its increase in accumulation. The V2 protein of the TYLCV-CN (china) has been shown to be a suppressor of gene silencing (Zhang et al, 2012). Thus, there is a possibility that the same protein of the TYLCV-OM may be a suppressor of gene silencing and help the ChiLCV-OM to accumulate at a higher rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Chili Leaf Curl Virus with Leaf Curl Disease of Radish and the Synergistic Interaction on Nicotiana benthamiana

Al-Shihi

Ammara

Amin

et al. 2017

IJAB

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Leaf yellowing and rolling with slight crinkling was observed in radish plants in Oman, indicative of a begomovirus infection. Viral sequences from radish were 99% identical to sequences of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and Chilli leaf curl virus (ChiLCV), from Oman. No beta-or alpha-satellites were detected. Infectious clones were developed and infectivity analyses of isolated viruses were done in a model host Nicotiana benthamiana. Both viruses, when inoculated separately, produced typical symptoms; however, symptom severity increased when these viruses were co-inoculated. Southern analyses confirmed that virus accumulation was high when both viruses were inoculated as compared to independent inoculation. Realtime qPCR analyses showed that copy number of both viruses was 1 X 10 6 copies when N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with either TYLCV or ChiLCV; however, the copy number increased to 1 X 10 8 copies when the two viruses were co-inoculated together in N. benthamiana.

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V2 protein encoded by Tomato yellow leaf curl China virus is an RNA silencing suppressor

Cited by 68 publications

References 34 publications

The P25 Protein of Potato Virus X (PVX) Is the Main Pathogenicity Determinant Responsible for Systemic Necrosis in PVX-Associated Synergisms

The P25 Protein of Potato Virus X (PVX) Is the Main Pathogenicity Determinant Responsible for Systemic Necrosis in PVX-Associated Synergisms

TheTomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) V2 protein interacts with the host papain-like cysteine protease CYP1

Association of Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus and Chili Leaf Curl Virus with Leaf Curl Disease of Radish and the Synergistic Interaction on Nicotiana benthamiana

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