V. A. Kral and the origins of benign senescent forgetfulness and mild cognitive impairment

Abstract

The interaction between Kral and a particular home for the elderly at a particular moment in its history gave rise to the concept of BSF, and a notion of what we now call MCI emerged.

The AD8 (Dementia Screening Interview) is a valid and reliable screening scale not only for dementia but also for mild cognitive impairment in the Turkish geriatric outpatients

“…In the Maastricht Aging Study, it was demonstrated that complaint of forgetfulness, between the ages of 55 and 64, and the ages of 70 and 85 was 41% and 52%, respectively (Ponds et al, 1997). In older patients who are referred to clinics for their forgetfulness, memory-related changes may be a feature of aging, called "benign senescent forgetfulness" or may be a sign of a neurodegenerative process at different levels, such as mild cognitive impairment or dementia (Heinik, 2010;Annoni et al, 2016). To make differential diagnosis of forgetfulness in older adults, a detailed evaluation, including anamnesis, examination, and neurocognitive tests, is needed (Annoni et al, 2016).…”

Attended With and Head-Turning Sign can be clinical markers of cognitive impairment in older adults

“…Maastricht Aging Study determined that the prevalence of memory loss is 41% at the age of 55-64 years, and 52% at the age of 70-85 years (Ponds et al, 1997). Memory problems in older adults attending the memory clinics may be either "Benign Senescent Forgetfulness," which is a characteristic of aging, or one of the initial symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) (Heinik, 2010;Hildreth and Church, 2015).…”

Mild Cognitive Impairment

“…The second form, "malignant senescent forgetfulness" (MSF) includes progressive cognitive and behavioral changes which involves specific brain histopathology [2]. Introduction of the term "benign senescent forgetfulness" was the first attempt to conceptualize MCI [3].…”