UWB-Printed Rectangular-Based Monopole Antenna for Biological Tissue Analysis

Martínez-Lozano, Andrea; Blanco-Angulo, Carolina; García-Martínez, Héctor; Gutiérrez-Mazón, Roberto; Torregrosa‐Penalva, Germán; Ávila-Navarro, Ernesto; Navarro, José María Sabater

doi:10.3390/electronics10030304

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The best way to quantify this effect is to use the so-called System Fidelity Factor (SFF), which is a measurement of the correlation between the transmitted and received pulses. This factor calculates the ratio between the energy of the convolution between the transmitted and received pulses and the energy of each pulse separately [ 26 ]. The SFF is defined as:

where t is the time, T S is the transmitted pulse, and R S is the received pulse, which is computed from the standard S 21 parameter (which means that SFF takes into consideration the distortion induced by both antennas).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an RF Image System for Real-Time Tracking Neurosurgical Tools

Blanco-Angulo

Martínez-Lozano

Juan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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A radio frequency (RF)-based system for surgical navigation is presented. Surgical navigation technologies are widely used nowadays for aiding the surgical team with many interventions. However, the currently available options still pose considerable limitations, such as line-of-sight occlusion prevention or restricted materials and equipment allowance. In this work, we suggest a different approach based on a microwave broadband antenna system. We combine techniques from microwave medical imaging, which can overcome the current limitations in surgical navigation technologies, and we propose methods to develop RF-based systems for real-time tracking neurosurgical tools. The design of the RF system to perform the measurements is shown and discussed, and two methods (Multiply and Sum and Delay Multiply and Sum) for building the medical images are analyzed. From these measurements, a surgical tool’s position tracking system is developed and experimentally assessed in an emulated surgical scenario. The reported results are coherent with other approaches found in the literature, while overcoming their main practical limitations. The discussion of the results discloses some hints on the validity of the system, the optimal configurations depending on the requirements, and the possibilities for future enhancements.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of an RF Image System for Real-Time Tracking Neurosurgical Tools

Blanco-Angulo

Martínez-Lozano

Juan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Material selection is crucial for the antenna to work at sub‐6 GHz. In the proposed design, commercially available material copper has been used for making the patch and the ground plate—the following formula calculated the width and length of the radiating patch for the proposed antenna 30

L_{p} goodbreak= \frac{c}{2 f_{r} \sqrt{ε_{italicreff}}},

ε_{reff} goodbreak= \frac{ε_{r} + 1}{2} goodbreak+ \frac{ε_{r} - 1}{2} ((), \frac{1}{\sqrt{1 + 12 ((), \frac{h}{W_{p}})}}),

W_{p} goodbreak= \frac{c}{2 f_{c}} \sqrt{\frac{2}{ε_{r} - 1}},

where c = speed of light in free space, h = height of the substrate, ε r = relative permittivity of the substrate, ε reff = effective permittivity of the substrate, W p = patch's width, and L p = patch's length.…”

Section: Antenna Design Procedures and Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

A low‐profile rectangular slot antenna for sub‐6 GHz 5G wireless applications

Chowdhury

Islam

Rmili

et al. 2022

Int J Communication

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This paper proposes a novel planar rectangular slot antenna designed and fabricated for a sub-6 GHz 5G wireless application. The proposed design can work in sub-6 GHz 5G, WiMAX, and LTE Band 42. The antenna has an inverted stub and E-shaped and rectangular radiating slot with a circular parasitic element on its upper side concurrently activated by a microstrip feed line with a two-folded T-shaped design. The proposed antenna covers the 5G N77 band at 3.5 GHz. It has a dimension of 32.4 Â 27.9 Â 1.6 mm 3 with good reflection coefficient characteristics and excellent impedance matching. The reflection coefficient (S 11 ) is found at À26.5 dB, and the resonant frequency is 3.5 GHz, with a peak gain of almost 4.2 dB. The proposed antenna has ≈82% efficiency for the whole frequency band and provides 19 MHz of total bandwidth. Finally, the proposed antenna is an attractive solution for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications.

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“…Currently, X-ray mammography is the most widely used medical image method for breast cancer screening and detection. However, this technique shows several drawbacks, such as the need for uncomfortable and painful breast compression, the considerable amount of false-positive tests, especially in young patients with dense breasts, and the use of ionising waves [ 3 , 4 ]. Other current techniques also show significant drawbacks, such as the elevated cost of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which hinders its use for early detection purposes, or the need for the patient to take radioactive compounds for the proper generation of the image with positron emission tomography (PET).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Conversely, radar-based systems make use of the return waves coming from the reflections of the different objects to build the images [ 4 ]. The operating frequency range for these systems is usually found between 1 and 10 GHz, which supposes a good trade-off between acceptable precision and enough energy penetrating into the biological tissue [ 3 ]. Whereas tomography techniques can achieve remarkable precision, the image-generation processing usually requires considerable time, even dozens of minutes [ 19 , 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Microwave-Based Imaging System for Early Detection of Breast Tumours

et al. 2022

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This work introduces a microwave-based system able to detect tumours in breast phantoms in a non-invasive way. The data acquisition system is composed of a hardware system which involves high-frequency components (antennas, switches and cables), a microcontroller, a vector network analyser used as measurement instrument and a computer devoted to the control and automation of the operation of the system. Concerning the software system, the computer runs a Python script which is in charge of mastering and automatising all the required stages for the data acquisition, from initialisation of the hardware system to performing and saving the measurements. We also report on the design of the high-performance broadband antenna used to carry out the measurements, as well as on the algorithm employed to build the final medical images, based on an adapted version of the so-called Improved Delay-and-Sum (IDAS) algorithm improved by a Hamming window filter and averaging preprocessing. The calibration and start-up of the system are also described. The experimental validation includes the use of different tumour models with different dielectric properties inside the breast phantom. The results show promising tumour detection capabilities, even when there is low dielectric contrast between the tumoural and healthy tissues, as is the usual case for dense breasts in young women.

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UWB-Printed Rectangular-Based Monopole Antenna for Biological Tissue Analysis

Cited by 32 publications

References 38 publications

Validation of an RF Image System for Real-Time Tracking Neurosurgical Tools

Validation of an RF Image System for Real-Time Tracking Neurosurgical Tools

A low‐profile rectangular slot antenna for sub‐6 GHz 5G wireless applications

Non-Invasive Microwave-Based Imaging System for Early Detection of Breast Tumours

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