UVR reflections at the surface of the eye

Birt, Benjamin J.; Cowling, Ian; Coyne, Steven

doi:10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2004.05.003

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The study by Vatani et al illustrated that welders in the Sarcheshmeh Copper Complex, Kerman, Iran, were exposed to low levels of UVR (UV = 0.09 j/cm 2 ), and thus, the probability for emergence of disease due to UVR was low (10). The study by Birt showed that, in addition to exposure to UVR, welders are also exposed to welding fumes, chronically and acutely, which leads to various diseases including respiratory tract irritation, bronchitis, changes in lung function, and lung cancer (11). Welders are vulnerable to skin and eye diseases due to contact with a broad range of UVR (12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

Section: To 400 Nm Wavelength Is Called Ultraviolet Radiation (Uvr) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders working in Shahrud City, Iran, 2014

Vatani

Kolagar

et al. 2013

JOHE

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Background: Farmers and welders who work in open spaces and are exposed to direct sunlight are often exposed to sunlight radiation types of skin cancer. The aim of the present welders working in Shahrud City Materials and Methods: This cross a.m. to 3 p.m. in indoor environments ultraviolet radiation (UVR) meter was used utilized using factory instruction and self-reporting, and information related to UV analyzed. Results:The results showed that average UVR exposure with personal protection was

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Section: To 400 Nm Wavelength Is Called Ultraviolet Radiation (Uvr) mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders working in Shahrud City, Iran, 2014

Vatani

Kolagar

et al. 2013

JOHE

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“…An increased understanding of how excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation damages the eyes is imperative, given that UV radiation has been shown to cause pterygium, photokeratitis, photoconjunctivitis and cataracts . Ocular exposure to UV radiation is influenced by many factors, including the solar elevation angle (SEA), altitude, ground reflection, total ozone, air pollutants and facial anatomy . Previous study has measured UV radiation on the horizontal, vertical and angled planes to assess the risk of eye damage in different geographical directions .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Ocular Exposure to Biologically Effective UV Radiation in Different Geographical Directions

Wang

Gao

et al. 2014

Photochem & Photobiology

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To quantify ocular exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and to assess the risk of eye damage in different geographical directions due to UVR exposure, we used a spectrometer and a manikin to measure horizontal ambient and ocular exposure UVR in different geographical directions at four different locations at the Northern Hemisphere. Describing the relationship of exposure to risk of eye damage requires the availability of UV hazard weighting function. So, we used the UV hazard weighting function (ICNIRP) proposed by International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection to determine the biologically effective UV irradiance (UVBEeye ) and then cumulative effective radiant exposure (Heye ) to shown the risk of eye. We found that in different geographical directions, distributions of ocular exposure to UVR were markedly different from those of horizontal ambient UVR. When the midday maximum SEA > 50°, eye received more UVR from the east and west directions during the morning and evening hours, respectively. However, when the midday maximum SEA < 50°, eye received more UVR from the south direction at noon. The results of this research indicate that the higher risk of eye caused by UVR varies according to the midday maximum SEA corresponding to different geographical direction.

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“…As the eyeball is found in the orbit, whose structure is influenced by the facial anatomy [15], [16], a few studies have been attempted order to measure the dose of ocular exposure to UV irradiance using human subjects wearing instruments located at the side of eyeglasses [17]–[19]. Studies have also been conducted using manikins to simulate human ocular UV irradiance exposure [20]–[22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Eye Damage from the Wavelength-Dependent Biologically Effective UVB Spectrum Irradiances

Wang

Gao

et al. 2012

PLoS ONE

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A number of previous studies have discussed the risk of eye damage from broadband ultraviolet (UV) radiation. As the biologically damaging effectiveness of UV irradiation on the human body is known to be wavelength-dependent, it is necessary to study the distribution of the UV spectral irradiance. In order to quantify the ocular biologically effective UV (UVBE) irradiance exposure of different wavelengths and assess the risk of eye damage, UV exposure values were measured at Sanya, China (18.4° N, 109.7°E, altitude 18 m), using a manikin and a dual-detector spectrometer to measure simultaneously the ocular exposure and ambient UV spectral irradiance data and solar elevation angle (SEA) range (approximately 7°–85°). The present study uses the ocular UV spectral irradiance exposure weighted with the action spectra for photokeratitis, photoconjunctivitis and cataracts to calculate the ocular UVBE irradiance exposure for photokeratitis (UVBEpker), photoconjunctivitis (UVBEpcon) and cataracts (UVBEcat). We found that the ocular exposure to UV irradiance is strongest in the 30°–60° SEA range when ∼50% of ocular exposure to UV irradiance on a summer’s day is received. In the 7°–30° SEA range, all the biologically highly effective wavelengths of UVBEpker, UVBEpcon and UVBEcat irradiances are at 300 nm. However, in other SEA ranges the biologically highly effective wavelengths of UVBEpker, UVBEpcon and UVBEcat irradiances are different, corresponding to 311 nm, 300 nm and 307 nm, respectively.

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UVR reflections at the surface of the eye

Cited by 14 publications

References 8 publications

Assessment of ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders working in Shahrud City, Iran, 2014

Assessment of ultraviolet radiation exposure of welders working in Shahrud City, Iran, 2014

Risk of Ocular Exposure to Biologically Effective UV Radiation in Different Geographical Directions

Risk of Eye Damage from the Wavelength-Dependent Biologically Effective UVB Spectrum Irradiances

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