Risk of Ocular Exposure to Biologically Effective <scp>UV</scp> Radiation in Different Geographical Directions

Wang, Fang; Hu, Liwen; Gao, Qian; Gao, Yanyan; Liu, Guangcong; Zheng, Yang; Liu, Yang

doi:10.1111/php.12287

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In about half of the studies reviewed, the manikin's head is orientated with a downward frontal angle (usually 10° or 15° below the horizon) to represent a realistic situation of a person who is walking. Some studies rotate the manikin by a complete tour on itself around the horizontal plane to determine the same result from all head orientation, as in ( 21 – 26 ). Considering, that the time of rotation on the manikin on itself is less than the time necessary for a significant variation in the displacement of the sun in the sky (and therefore also of its irradiance), this rotation allows a richer data recording for a given elevation angle of the sun.…”

Section: Measuring Ocular Exposure With Anthropomorphic Manikinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Human Eye Exposure to UV Light: A Narrative Review

Marro

Moccozet

Vernez

2022

Front. Public Health

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Exposure to ultraviolet light is associated with several ocular pathologies. Understanding exposure levels and factors is therefore important from a medical and prevention perspective. A review of the current literature on ocular exposure to ultraviolet light is conducted in this study. It has been shown that ambient irradiance is not a good indicator of effective exposure and current tools for estimating dermal exposure have limitations for the ocular region. To address this, three methods have been developed: the use of anthropomorphic manikins, measurements through wearable sensors and numerical simulations. The specific objective, limitations, and results obtained for the three different methods are discussed.

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Section: Measuring Ocular Exposure With Anthropomorphic Manikinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Human Eye Exposure to UV Light: A Narrative Review

Marro

Moccozet

Vernez

2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Since the sun rises from the East and sets in the West, ocular exposure to UVR has one peak during the morning and one in the afternoon near the east and west geographical directions, respectively. [ 64 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photokeratitis induced by ultraviolet radiation in travelers

Izadi

Jonaidi-Jafari

Pourazizi

et al. 2018

Journal of Postgraduate Medicine

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Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is one of the several environmental hazards that may cause inflammatory reactions in ocular tissues, especially the cornea. One of the important factors that affect how much ultraviolet radiation (UVR) humans are exposed to is travel. Hence, traveling is considered to include a more acute UVR effect, and ophthalmologists frequently evaluate and manage the ocular manifestations of UV irradiation, including UV-induced keratitis. The purpose of this paper is to provide an evidence-based analysis of the clinical effect of UVR in ocular tissues. An extensive review of English literature was performed to gather all available articles from the National Library of Medicine PubMed database of the National Institute of Health, the Ovid MEDLINE database, Scopus, and ScienceDirect that had studied the effect of UVR on the eye and its complications, between January 1970 and June 2014. The results show that UVR at 300 nm causes apoptosis in all three layers of the cornea and induces keratitis. Apoptosis in all layers of the cornea occurs 5 h after exposure. The effect of UVR intensity on the eye can be linked to numerous factors, including solar elevation, time of day, season, hemisphere, clouds and haze, atmospheric scattering, atmospheric ozone, latitude, altitude, longitudinal changes, climate, ground reflection, and geographic directions. The most important factor affecting UVR reaching the earth's surface is solar elevation. Currently, people do not have great concern over eye protection. The methods of protection against UVR include avoiding direct sunlight exposure, using UVR-blocking eyewear (sunglasses or contact lenses), and wearing hats. Hence, by identifying UVR intensity factors, eye protection factors, and public education, especially in travelers, methods for safe traveling can be identified.

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“…Notably, in the summer season (corresponding to our monitoring conditions), when the sun is shining directly into a southwardfacing room, the SEA range is relatively high. Meanwhile, the upwards angle of visibility is relatively low due to the shelter against the sunlight provided by the ocular frame structure for higher SEAs and the fixed field of view based on natural human ergonomics [42]. Therefore, in this study, although the sun itself was visible at some time points, the manikin's eye was mainly exposed to diffuse radiation in the southward-facing room under the monitoring conditions.…”

Section: Solar Radiation Is An Unavoidable Environmental Physicalmentioning

confidence: 86%

Quantification of Indoor Ocular Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Light With Four Room Orientations: Using a Model Monitor Embedded in a Manikin Head

et al. 2020

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Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation is an unavoidable physical environmental factor that contributes to a variety of eye diseases. Exposure to indoor solar UV radiation is an essential component of individual ocular UV exposure. However, few previous studies have attempted to quantify the exposure in term of indoor solar UV irradiance reaching the surface of the human eye under different exposure conditions. Hence, in the current study, we measured the UV exposure in rooms with four main orientations in Sanya (18.4 • N, 109.7 • E, the lowest-latitude city in mainland China) and Lhasa (29.7 • N, 91.14 • E, the highestelevation city in mainland China) to obtain the general and maximum ocular exposure to indoor solar UV in China. A monitoring model consisting of a dual-channel spectrometer that implanted into the manikin eye was used to quantify the UV exposure at a range of times. This study revealed basic diurnal variations under different indoor exposure conditions. In summary, on a sunny summer day, if a person gazes out of an open window at a distance of 0.5 m away from the window, some danger to the eyes may exist in the solar elevation angle (SEA) range of 12 • to 37 • in an eastward-facing room and in the SEA range of 34 • to 9 • in a westward-facing room under the maximum open window UV exposure conditions in Lhasa. Similarly, the accumulated UV exposure in a southward-facing room in Sanya was in the SEA range of 67 • to 88 • . This study attempted to determine the maximum individual accumulated ocular unweighted UVA dose and biologically effective UV dose (UVBE) to serve as a reference for exposure to Sanya and Lhasa. These results can strengthen the understanding of human ocular health and further clarify the possible risks posed by continuous UV exposure.INDEX TERMS Ultraviolet sources, spectral analysis, eye protection, indoor environments.

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Risk of Ocular Exposure to Biologically Effective UV Radiation in Different Geographical Directions

Cited by 11 publications

References 32 publications

Assessing Human Eye Exposure to UV Light: A Narrative Review

Assessing Human Eye Exposure to UV Light: A Narrative Review

Photokeratitis induced by ultraviolet radiation in travelers

Quantification of Indoor Ocular Exposure to Solar Ultraviolet Light With Four Room Orientations: Using a Model Monitor Embedded in a Manikin Head

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