UVB‐Induced Inflammatory Cytokine Release, DNA Damage and Apoptosis of Human Oral Compared with Skin Tissue Equivalents

Abstract

People can get oral cancers from UV (290-400 nm) exposures. Besides high outdoor UV exposures, high indoor UV exposures to oral tissues can occur when consumers use UV-emitting tanning devices to either tan or whiten their teeth. We compared the carcinogenic risks of skin to oral tissue cells after UVB (290-320 nm) exposures using commercially available 3D-engineered models for human skin (EpiDerm™), gingival (EpiGing™) and oral (EpiOral™) tissues. To compare the relative carcinogenic risks, we investigated the release of cytokines, initial DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), repair of CPDs and apoptotic cell numbers. We measured cytokine release using cytometric beads with flow cytometry and previously developed a fluorescent immunohistochemical assay to quantify simultaneously CPD repair rates and apoptotic cell numbers. We found that interleukin-8 (IL-8) release and the initial CPDs are significantly higher, whereas the CPD repair rates and apoptotic cell numbers are significantly lower for oral compared with skin tissue cells. Thus, the increased release of the inflammatory cytokine IL-8 along with inefficient CPD repair and decreased death rates for oral compared with skin tissue cells suggests that mutations are accumulating in the surviving population of oral cells increasing people's risks for getting oral cancers.

Ultraviolet Radiation, Aging and the Skin: Prevention of Damage by Topical cAMP Manipulation

“…In addition, UVA is less able to induce melanin production compared to UVB, leaving the skin less able to protect itself against further UV insult [15, 19–22]. Increasing attention is being paid to the potential impact of UVA radiation to areas of the body rarely exposed to natural UV, including the vulva and oral mucosa, even focusing on differential cellular repair and apoptosis depending on anatomic site [23]. The role of UVA in melanoma formation is also suggested by the observation of rising melanoma incidence over the last several decades and sunscreen use in the 1980s when only UVB-blocking sunscreens were used.…”

Biocompatibility Evaluation of Dental Luting Cements Using Cytokine Released from Human Oral Fibroblasts and Keratinocytes

“…Two cytokines that have significant role in inflammatory mechanisms of the human body were considered in this study, IL-1α that plays a major role in regulating the release of other cytokines [13], and IL-8 that promotes wound healing through control of other cytokines and inducing growth factors expressions [14]. The results were then compared to the conventional viability test to suggest possible means of correlating the results.…”

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus flare following exposure to surgical light during a dental procedure

“…These light filters may also be used for extremely photosensitive lupus patients during surgical procedures, to decrease exposure to UVR. Exposure to UVR can occur through any cutaneous surface including the oral mucosa,13 so patients may choose to utilise these filters during dental procedures as well. For everyday exposure to UVR, however, good sun avoidance measures such as wearing long-sleeved clothing, avoiding the outdoors during peak sun hours and daily use of a broad-spectrum sunscreen with high SPF, remain the mainstay.…”