UV disinfection and flocculation-chlorination sachets to reduce hepatitis E virus in drinking water

Guerrero-Latorre, Laura; Gonzales-Gustavson, Eloy; Hundesa, Ayalkibet; Sommer, Regina; Gironés, R.

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.04.002

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The integrated cell culture qPCR (ICC-qPCR) is capable to distinguish between viable and non-viable viruses. Its application has been described for a broad spectrum of aquatic human pathogenic viruses like enterovirus, hepatitis E virus [5], adenovirus and rotavirus [6–9]; however, it is still time consuming, labor-intensive and expensive. Moreover, the lack of cell lines for the detection of human-pathogenic norovirus limits the use of ICC-qPCR.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lab to Lake – Evaluation of Current Molecular Methods for the Detection of Infectious Enteric Viruses in Complex Water Matrices in an Urban Area

et al. 2016

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Quantitative PCR methods are commonly used to monitor enteric viruses in the aquatic environment because of their high sensitivity, short reaction times and relatively low operational cost. However, conclusions for public health drawn from results of such molecular techniques are limited due to their inability to determine viral infectivity. Ethidium monoazide (EMA) and propidium monoazide (PMA) are capable to penetrate the damaged or compromised capsid of the inactivated viruses and bind to the viral nucleic acids. We assessed whether dye treatment is a suitable approach to improve the ability of qPCR to distinguish between infectious and non-infectious human adenovirus, enterovirus and rotavirus A in surface water of an urban river and sewage before and after UV disinfection. Like the gold standard of cell culture assays, pretreatment EMA-/PMA-qPCR succeeded in removing false positive results which would lead to an overestimation of the viral load if only qPCR of the environmental samples was considered. A dye pretreatment could therefore provide a rapid and relatively inexpensive tool to improve the efficacy of molecular quantification methods in regards to viral infectivity.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Lab to Lake – Evaluation of Current Molecular Methods for the Detection of Infectious Enteric Viruses in Complex Water Matrices in an Urban Area

et al. 2016

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“…Over 200 enteric viruses known to infect humans are considered pathogens because of their high resistance to treatment processes and their low infectious doses (35). To appropriately eliminate these viruses, it is necessary to use tertiary treatment processes involving chlorine, ozone, and exposure to UV light in drinking water treatment plants and WWTPs (36)(37)(38). However, due mainly to cost issues, many of the rather complex treatments are not always available in most DWTPs or drinking water treatment plants worldwide.…”

Section: Waterborne Gastrointestinal Illness (Fecal Origin)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and Adaptive Changes Necessitate a Paradigm Shift for Indicators of Fecal Contamination

et al. 2020

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Changes in the occurrence, distribution, and seasonal variation of waterborne pathogens due to global climate change may increase the risk of human exposure to these microorganisms, thus heightening the need for more reliable surveillance systems. Routine monitoring of drinking water supplies and recreational waters is performed using fecal indicator microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., and coliphages. However, the presence and numbers of these indicators, especially E. coli and Enterococcus spp., do not correlate well with those of other pathogens, especially enteric viruses, which are a major cause of waterborne outbreaks associated with contaminated water and food, and recreational use of lakes, ponds, rivers, and estuarine waters. For that reason, there is a growing need for a surveillance system that can detect and quantify viral pathogens directly in water sources to reduce transmission of pathogens associated with fecal transmission. In this review, we present an updated overview of relevant waterborne enteric viruses that we believe should be more commonly screened to better evaluate water quality and to determine the safety of water use and reuse and of epidemiological data on viral outbreaks. We also discuss current methodologies that are available to detect and quantify these viruses in water resources. Finally, we highlight challenges associated with virus monitoring. The information presented in this review is intended to aid in the assessment of human health risks due to contact with water sources, especially since current environmental and adaptive changes may be creating the need for a paradigm shift for indicators of fecal contamination. . Environmental and adaptive changes necessitate a paradigm shift for indicators of fecal contamination, Microbiol Spectrum 8(2):

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“…However, since HEV genotype 3 and genotype 4 have been detected in surface waters (rivers and lakes) there is increasing attention for HEV removal by sanitation practices in industrialized countries as well an interest on controlling this pathogen as new wastewater treatment is put into place in developing regions of the world. Guerrero-Latorre et al (2016) evaluated the ability of UV radiation and flocculation-chlorination sachets to reduce HEV in water matrices. UV irradiation tests using low-pressure radiation showed inactivation kinetics for HEV by 4 log 10 with a UV fluence of 23 mJ/cm 2 .…”

Section: Wastewater Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis E

Poel¹,

Rzezutka²

2019

Water and Sanitation for the 21st Century: Health and Microbiological Aspects of Excreta and Wastewater Management (Global Wate

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The designations employed and the presentation of material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The ideas and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors; they are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization.

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UV disinfection and flocculation-chlorination sachets to reduce hepatitis E virus in drinking water

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

From Lab to Lake – Evaluation of Current Molecular Methods for the Detection of Infectious Enteric Viruses in Complex Water Matrices in an Urban Area

From Lab to Lake – Evaluation of Current Molecular Methods for the Detection of Infectious Enteric Viruses in Complex Water Matrices in an Urban Area

Environmental and Adaptive Changes Necessitate a Paradigm Shift for Indicators of Fecal Contamination

Hepatitis E

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