UV‐curable, oxetane‐toughened epoxy‐siloxane coatings for marine fouling‐release coating applications

Chen, Zhigang; Chisholm, Bret J.; Kim, Jong-Soo; Stafslien, Shane J.; Wagner, Rachel C.; Patel, Sandeep; Daniels, Justin; Wal, Lyndsi Vander; Li, Jun; Ward, Kaley; Callow, Maureen; Thompson, Sally; Siripirom, Chavanin

doi:10.1002/pi.2422

Cited by 31 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…67 Finally, PDMS-epoxy pre-polymers were toughened by reacting with oxetane units (Fig. 68 The coatings containing 10 to 20% of oxetane showed a higher tensile modulus then the equivalent PDMS-epoxy resins, retained a low surface energy (o15 mN m À1 ), had a high CA and were stable upon immersion and water-jet washing with no signs of surface rearrangements. 68 The coatings containing 10 to 20% of oxetane showed a higher tensile modulus then the equivalent PDMS-epoxy resins, retained a low surface energy (o15 mN m À1 ), had a high CA and were stable upon immersion and water-jet washing with no signs of surface rearrangements.…”

Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications

2015

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Marine biofouling generally refers to the undesirable accumulation of biological organisms on surfaces in contact with seawater. This natural phenomenon represents a major economic concern for marine industries, e.g. for ships and vessels, oil and wind-turbine sea-platforms, pipelines, water valves and filters, as it limits the performance of devices, materials and underwater structures and increases the costs related to transport delays, hull maintenance and repair, cleaning and desalination units, corrosion and structure break-down. In the last few decades, many efforts have been spent into developing efficient antifouling (AF) surfaces (coatings) combining advances in materials science and recent knowledge of marine chemistry and biology. However, the extensive use of toxic and harmful compounds in the formulations raised increasing health and environmental concerns leading to stricter regulations which pushed marine industries to search for new AF strategies. This review presents the recent research progress made in green strategies for AF coatings using non-toxic, non-biocide-release based principles for marine applications. The two main approaches, detachment of biofoulants or preventing biofoulants attachment, are reviewed in detail and new promising routes based on amphiphilic, (super)hydrophilic, and topographic (structured) surfaces are highlighted. The chemical and physical aspects of the AF mechanisms behind the AF strategies reviewed are emphasized, with special attention to the early stages of biofoulant adhesion, keeping the focus on the materials' molecular structure and properties which allow obtaining the final desired antifouling behaviour. Portugal. During the PhD period, she was a visiting researcher at Carnegie Mellon University (Prof. K Matyjaszewski, USA) and the University of Manchester (Prof. P Hodge, UK). She is an experienced researcher on the synthesis and characterization of (nano)materials: polymers, inorganic and composites in general. Since the last 5 years, her research has focused on functional polymers and surfaces, smart materials and coatings, surface modification and reversible/ responsive polymers and surfaces. Within the smart coatings topic she investigated self-healing, superhydrophobic/superhydrophilic materials, antifouling, reversible, switching and temperatureresponsive polymers and surfaces. This research has been (co)-authored 3 book chapters peer-reviewed publications, has (co)-authored 2 book chapters and wrote articles for several social magazines and media reports.Gijsbertus de With is full professor in materials science. He graduated from Utrecht State University and received his PhD in 1977 from the University of Twente on the 'Structure and charge distribution of molecular crystals'. In the same year he joined Philips Research Laboratories, Eindhoven. In 1985 he was appointed part-time professor and in 1996 he became full professor at the Eindhoven University of Technology. Since 2006 he has also been chairman of the Soft Matter CryoTEM Research Unit. His re...

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Section: View Article Onlinementioning

confidence: 99%

Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications

2015

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“…19,27,28 Coatings that were prepared in 24-well plates were inoculated with 1.0 mL of a suspension of N. incerta (10 5 cells/ mL) in F/2. The plates were incubated for 2 h under ambient conditions.…”

Section: Navicula Incerta Attachment and Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of pigmentation on siloxane–polyurethane coatings and their performance as fouling-release marine coatings

et al. 2011

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Siloxane-polyurethane paints were formulated and characterized for coating properties and performance as fouling-release (FR) marine coatings. Paints were formulated at 20 and 30 pigment volume concentrations with titanium dioxide, and aminopropyl-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (APT-PDMS) loadings were varied from 0 to 30% based on binder mass. The coatings were characterized for water contact angle, surface energy (SE), gloss, and pseudobarnacle (PB) adhesion. The assessment of the FR performance compared with polyurethane (PU) and silicone standards through the use of laboratory biological assays was also performed. Biofilm retention and adhesion were conducted with the marine bacterium Cellulophaga lytica, and the microalgae diatom Navicula incerta. Live adult barnacle reattachment using Amphibalanus amphitrite was also performed. The pigmented coatings were found to have properties and FR performance similar to those prepared without pigment. However, a higher loading of PDMS was required, in some cases, to obtain the same properties as coatings prepared without pigment. These coatings rely on a self-stratification mechanism to bring the PDMS to the coating surface. The slight reduction in water contact angle (WCA) and increase in pseudobarnacle release force with pigmentation suggests that pigmentation slowed or interfered with the self-stratification mechanism. However, increasing the PDMS loading is an apparent method for overcoming this issue, allowing for coatings having similar properties as those of clear coatings and FR performance similar to those of silicone standard coatings.

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“…The objective of the research was to explore the feasibility of producing environmentally friendly antimicrobial, UV‐curable coatings that do not leach toxic materials to the environment. To determine if the coatings release toxic compounds, a leachate toxicity assay was conducted 17, 18. The results of this assay (data not shown) indicated that none of the coatings released toxic components.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…that could potentially leach out and interfere with the biological assays designed to specifically characterize the antimicrobial properties of the coating surfaces 16. A leachate toxicity assay, which has been previously described in detail,17, 18 was used to verify that no toxic components were leaching from the coatings after the 14 days of water immersion.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A high‐throughput bacterial biofilm retention16–18 and cell viability assay19 were used to rapidly assess the antimicrobial activity of coatings prepared in the multiwell plates. Two bacteria associated with infection and failure of implanted medical devices, S. epidermidis 35984 (Gram‐positive) and Escherichia coli 12435 (Gram‐negative), were used to examine the antimicrobial activity of the coating surfaces.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Novel, UV‐curable coatings containing a tethered biocide: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity

Chen

Chisholm

Stafslien

et al. 2010

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Cationic, UV -curable coatings containing the tethered biocide, triclosan, were produced and their antimicrobial activity toward Staphylococcus epidermidis and Escherichia coli determined. Two polysiloxanes functionalized with both cycloaliphatic epoxy and triclosan were synthesized using hydrosilylation. The functionalized polysiloxanes, with varied concentration of pendant triclosan, were used to produce UV-curable coatings with reasonably good coating properties. Fourier transform (FT)-Raman spectroscopy showed that the tethered triclosan moieties self-concentrate on the coating surface. Using biological assays, it was determined that the coatings possessed nearly 100% antimicrobial activity toward the Gram-positive bacterium, S. epidermidis, without leaching toxic components. For the Gram-negative bacterium, E. coli, 60-80% reduction in biofilm retention was observed for all the coatings. Interestingly, the coatings were lesser effective in reducing E. coli cell viability suggesting that the tethered triclosan were able to substantially reduce the production of the biofilm extracellular matrix with minimal adverse affect on the bacterial cells attached to the coating surfaces. The high specificity of the coatings toward S. epidermidis indicates that a novel mode of contact-active antimicrobial activity was achieved through the disruption of processes unique to the Gram-positive cell wall. These novel UV-curable coatings have potential applications in inhibiting implantable biomedical device associated infections.

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UV‐curable, oxetane‐toughened epoxy‐siloxane coatings for marine fouling‐release coating applications

Cited by 31 publications

References 25 publications

Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications

Non-toxic, non-biocide-release antifouling coatings based on molecular structure design for marine applications

Effects of pigmentation on siloxane–polyurethane coatings and their performance as fouling-release marine coatings

Novel, UV‐curable coatings containing a tethered biocide: Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity

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