UV-B Radiation, Photomorphogenesis and Plant-Plant Interactions

Barnes, Paul W.; Shinkle, James R.; Flint, Stephan D.; Ryel, Ronald J.

doi:10.1007/3-540-27043-4_13

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 161 publications

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“…Our findings further indicated a close nonlinear relationship between variation in T UV and mid‐day PAR fluxes within the Populus canopy. We did not measure UV within the canopy, but we would expect that the absolute fluxes of UV would vary in concert with PAR (Grant , Deckmyn and Impens , Parisi et al ), though there would likely be shifts in the ratios of PAR:UV, especially in shade (Barnes et al ). Follow‐up shading and UV‐exclusion experiments showed that indeed both PAR and UV influenced UV‐shielding and, surprisingly, even the low levels of UV in our artificial shade+UV treatments (ca.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustments in epidermal UV‐transmittance of leaves in sun‐shade transitions

Barnes

Kersting

Flint

et al. 2013

Physiologia Plantarum

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Epidermal UV transmittance (TUV ) and UV-absorbing compounds were measured in sun and shade leaves of Populus tremuloides and Vicia faba exposed to contrasting light environments under field conditions to evaluate UV acclimation potentials and regulatory roles of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and UV in UV-shielding. Within a natural canopy of P. tremuloides, TUV ranged from 4 to 98% and showed a strong nonlinear relationship with mid-day horizontal fluxes of PAR [photon flux density (PFD) = 6-1830 µmol m⁻² s⁻¹]; similar patterns were found for V. faba leaves that developed under a comparable PFD range. A series of field transfer experiments using neutral-density shade cloth and UV blocking/transmitting films indicated that PAR influenced TUV during leaf development to a greater degree than UV, and shade leaves of both species increased their UV-shielding when exposed to full sun; however, this required the presence of UV, with both UV-A and UV-B required for full acclimation. TUV of sun leaves of both species was largely unresponsive to shade either with or without UV. In most, but not all cases, changes in TUV were associated with alterations in the concentration of whole-leaf UV-absorbing compounds. These results suggest that, (1) moderate-to-high levels of PAR alone during leaf development can induce substantial UV-protection in field-grown plants, (2) mature shade leaves have the potential to adjust their UV-shielding which may reduce the detrimental effects of UV that could occur following sudden exposures to high light and (3) under field conditions, PAR and UV play different roles in regulating UV-shielding during and after leaf development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjustments in epidermal UV‐transmittance of leaves in sun‐shade transitions

Barnes

Kersting

Flint

et al. 2013

Physiologia Plantarum

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“…Much is known about the effects of ambient and elevated UV-B (290 nm 320 nm) on plants (see reviews by Barnes et al, 2005;Caldwell et al, 2007;and others), but the direct effects of global dimming on plants and those mediated by associated changes in UV-B radiation have not been effectively assessed. In particular, experiments specifically designed to assess changes in UV-B under global dimming have not been conducted.…”

Section: Global Dimming and Uv-b: Potential Effects On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solar UV-B Radiation and Global Dimming: Effects on Plant Growth and UV-Shielding

Ryel

Flint

Barnes

2010

UV Radiation in Global Climate Change

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Atmospheric aerosols and other particulates have been linked to reductions in shortwave radiation (global dimming). While much research has focused on the effects on plants caused by ambient and elevated UV-B (290 nm 320 nm), the direct effects of global dimming, and those mediated by associated changes in UV-B radiation, have not been effectively assessed. We conducted an experiment in the high-UV environment of Mauna Kea, Hawaii to compare the effects of UV-B reduction with a simulation of global dimming (accomplished with 13% shading). Using fava beans, (Vicia faba), we found that structural differences due to the treatments were minimal in this high light environment. Most surprising was the minimal effect of UV-B on plant growth given the high UV-B environment. However, both UV-B and shading significantly influenced epidermal UV transmittance, suggesting that changes that occur in secondary chemistry can affect epidermal transmittance for UV. Additional experiments suggest that the change in epidermal transmittance due to shading would most likely occur with foliage in highshade environments. Such changes in secondary chemistry have the potential to affect herbivory, nutrient cycling, and plant response to pathogens. While there are few experimental studies that specifically address possible reductions in radiation due to global dimming, many UV reduction experiments have been conducted in recent decades. Attempts to generalize latitudinal responses from these studies, however, are frustrated by a number of factors. Chief among them are different methodologies (reduction of different UV wavebands in different experiments) and a lack of reporting UV irradiance levels.

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“…Such symmetrical competition might occur if plants are competing for a resource, such as soil nitrogen, and small and large plants take their share of the resource according to the relative size of their root systems. Whether elevated UV‐B radiation levels generally enhance or diminish formation of size hierarchies within monospecific or multispecific plant associations is currently a matter of speculation (152).…”

Section: Research Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet-B Radiation and Plant Competition: Experimental Approaches and Underlying Mechanisms¶

Furness

Jolliffe

Upadhyaya

2007

Photochemistry and Photobiology

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Under realistic stratospheric ozone depletion scenarios, ultraviolet-B radiation (280-320 nm) (UV-B) influences plant morphology and plant competitive interactions. Influence of UV-B on plant competition can be studied using a variety of experimental and analytical approaches including inverse yield-density models and allometric, neighborhood or sizestructure analyses that provide links between plant and ecosystem responses. These approaches differ in their abilities to extract information regarding competitive interactions and their morphological underpinnings. Only a limited number of studies have been carried out to investigate UV-B effects on plant competition, and most of these have used the replacement series approach, which has received much criticism. Nonetheless, results to date indicate that slight differences in UV-B-induced morphological responses of species grown within associations can alter canopy structure thereby influencing photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) interception and relative competitive ability. Because the response of individuals of the same species is expected to be uniform, UV-B may influence intraspecific competition less than interspecific competition. Before we can make clear generalizations and predictions concerning the effects of this radiation on plant competition, an understanding is crucial of the mechanisms underlying UV-B-induced shifts in competitive interactions by assessing competition over time.

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UV-B Radiation, Photomorphogenesis and Plant-Plant Interactions

Cited by 20 publications

References 161 publications

Adjustments in epidermal UV‐transmittance of leaves in sun‐shade transitions

Adjustments in epidermal UV‐transmittance of leaves in sun‐shade transitions

Solar UV-B Radiation and Global Dimming: Effects on Plant Growth and UV-Shielding

Ultraviolet-B Radiation and Plant Competition: Experimental Approaches and Underlying Mechanisms¶

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