Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale - Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS): Construct validity among transgender, nonbinary, and LGBQ samples

McGuire, Jenifer K.; Catalpa, Jory M.; Morrow, Quin J.; Fish, Jessica N.; Rider, G. Nic; Steensma, Thomas D.; Cohen‐Kettenis, Peggy T.; Spencer, Kylee L.

doi:10.1080/26895269.2020.1723460

Cited by 52 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…While gender dysphoria is typically conceptualized as the emotional distress caused by the incongruence between one’s actual gender identity and expression and one’s physical anatomy (what I term intrapersonal gender dysphoria ), gender dysphoria can also result from the experience of nonaffirmation of gender identity across contexts (what I term interpersonal gender dysphoria ; e.g., gender dysphoria resulting from the refusal of other people or contexts to affirm a trans person’s existence). Emerging research suggests that gender dysphoria strongly predicts health and well‐being among trans youth (McGuire et al, 2020; Weiselberg et al, 2019), yet neither Meyer’s (2003) model nor Hendricks and Testa’s (2012) adapted model includes this construct as a unique domain of minority stress.…”

Section: An Adapted Model Of Gender Minority Stress For Trans Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thus, gender dysphoria distress is likely also reduced and is the mechanism to explain reductions in adverse mental health outcomes. New measurement tools offer opportunities to directly examine intrapersonal gender dysphoria distress among adolescents (McGuire et al, 2020), yet measures must be validated to assess this construct among trans children. Given the preponderance of evidence to suggest that intrapersonal gender dysphoria is a central and key construct associated with distress among trans youth, I advocate for including this construct in minority stress models (Figure 1, box D1).…”

Section: An Adapted Model Of Gender Minority Stress For Trans Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advancing Research on Minority Stress and Resilience in Trans Children and Adolescents in the 21st Century

Toomey

2021

Child Dev Perspectives

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Transgender and nonbinary children and adolescents bear a disproportionate level of poor health, and adverse developmental and academic outcomes compared to their cisgender peers. In this article, I review evidence from recent research on minority stress and resilience among trans youth and advocate for two additional domains to be included when studying the experiences of trans youth from a minority stress perspective. I describe the variability across sexual‐minority and gender‐minority youth in experiences of minority stress across and within contexts. I advocate for explicit attention in minority stress models with gender‐minority youth to the domains of (a) intrapersonal and interpersonal gender dysphoria, and (b) access and use of affirmative and comprehensive health care.

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Section: An Adapted Model Of Gender Minority Stress For Trans Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: An Adapted Model Of Gender Minority Stress For Trans Youthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advancing Research on Minority Stress and Resilience in Trans Children and Adolescents in the 21st Century

Toomey

2021

Child Dev Perspectives

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“…One outcome study, Cohen-Kettenis and van Goozen (1997), and two validation studies, Schneider et al (2016) and Steensma et al (2013), were excluded, as the underlying measure, the Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale, is unpublished. Similarly, three studies and one validation study which were based on adapted measures—McGuire et al (2019; Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale—Gender Spectrum), McGuire et al (2020; Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale—Gender Spectrum; validation)—Scandurra et al (2017; Transgender Identity Survey) and Haghighat et al (2019; Dimensional Measure of Gender Identity Questionnaire) were excluded as the underlying measures are unpublished. Finally, one study, Riley (2017; Gender Feeling Amplitude), was excluded as the assessment tool is not a measurement scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing gender dysphoria: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures.

Bowman¹,

Casey²,

McAloon³

et al. 2022

Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity

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Over the last decade, the manner in which gender dysphoria is defined has changed significantly, as have the presentations of transgender clients to specialist gender services. Although the use of patientreported outcome measures (PROMs) to assess gender dysphoria is widespread, there is a lack of literature that assesses the methodological quality of these measures. To address the limits of the existing literature, the aim of the current study was to conduct a systematic review of PROMs that assess gender dysphoria. The systematic review was performed in accordance with the PRISMA and COSMIN methodologies. Five measurement studies met inclusion criteria. Results suggested that none of the measures could be recommended for use without further development. Poor content validity was evident across all measures and internal validity and construct validity were mixed, ranging from inadequate to very good. Measures that show promise for the future include the Gender Congruence and Life Satisfaction Scale, Gender Identity Reflection and Rumination Scale, Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire, and Transgender Adaptation and Integration Measure. A need to develop reliable and valid measures that are appropriate for use with adolescent samples experiencing gender dysphoria was also identified. Public Significance StatementFor clinicians, the study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of existing measures of gender dysphoria. For researchers, the study identifies additional research necessary to improve the methodological quality and measurement properties of the identified measures.

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“…Although tools such as the GDQ 37 might address non-binary or fluid aspects of gender identity (and several of the other limitations we have described), they have not yet been validated as a clinical assessment tool. UGDS was revised and is now known as the UGDS-Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS), 67 which is a gender-neutral, single-version adaptation of the original that is inclusive of all gender identities and expressions and allows for the fluid nature of these constructs across the lifespan. However, to our knowledge, the UDGS-GS has only been used in adult samples.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement tools for gender identity, gender expression, and gender dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse children and adolescents: a systematic review

Bloom

Nguyen

Lami

et al. 2021

The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health

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Increasing numbers of children and adolescents are being referred to gender services for gender-related concerns. Various instruments are used with these patients in clinical care, but their clinical validity, strengths, and limitations have not been systematically reviewed. In this systematic review, we searched MEDLINE, PubMed, and PsycINFO databases for available tools that assess gender identity, gender expression, or gender dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) children and adolescents. We included studies published before Jan 20, 2020, that used tools to assess gender identity, expression, or dysphoria in TGD individuals younger than 18 years. Data were extracted from eligible studies using a standardised form. We found 39 studies that met the inclusion criteria, from which we identified 24 tools. The nature of tools varied considerably and included direct observation, child and adolescent selfreport, and parent-report tools. Many methods have only been used with small samples, include outdated content, and lack evaluation of psychometric properties. In summary, a paucity of studies in this area, along with sparse reporting of psychometric properties, made it difficult to compare the relative use of tools, and current tools have substantial limitations. Future research is required to validate existing measures and create more relevant, culturally appropriate tools.

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Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale - Gender Spectrum (UGDS-GS): Construct validity among transgender, nonbinary, and LGBQ samples

Cited by 52 publications

References 21 publications

Advancing Research on Minority Stress and Resilience in Trans Children and Adolescents in the 21st Century

Advancing Research on Minority Stress and Resilience in Trans Children and Adolescents in the 21st Century

Assessing gender dysphoria: A systematic review of patient-reported outcome measures.

Measurement tools for gender identity, gender expression, and gender dysphoria in transgender and gender-diverse children and adolescents: a systematic review

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