UTIRAC: University of Tokyo infrared array control system developed for WINERED

Kondo, Sohei; Motohara, Kentaro; Yasui, Chikako; Minami, Atsushi; Kobayashi, Naoto; Ikeda, Yuji

doi:10.1117/12.672611

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The longest exposure time of WINERED is assumed to be 1000 s, which does not saturate the sky airglow emission lines in the dynamic range of the detector. We then set the maximum thermal background count as 0.1 photons s −1 pixel −1 so that the thermal background noise in the longest exposure time falls below the read noise of the IR array (10-20 e − ; see Kondo et al 2006). If this is achieved, it should enable high-precision spectroscopy like in the optical, but is quit challenging for noncryogenic instrument.…”

Section: Significant Suppression Of Thermal Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive, Non-cryogenic NIR High-resolution Spectrograph, WINERED

Ikeda¹,

Kondo²,

Otsubo³

et al. 2022

PASP

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WINERED is a novel near-infrared (NIR) high-resolution spectrograph (HRS) that pursues the highest possible sensitivity to realize high-precision spectroscopy in the NIR as in the optical wavelength range. WINERED covers 0.9–1.35 μm (z, Y, and J-bands) with three modes (Wide mode and two Hires modes) at the maximum spectral resolutions of R = 28,000 and R = 70,000. For fulfilling the objective, WINERED is designed with an unprecedentedly high instrument throughput (up to 50% at maximum including the quantum efficiency of the array) that is three times or more than other existing optical/NIR HRSs. This is mainly realized by a combination of non-white pupil and no fiber-fed configuration in optical design, the moderate (optimized) wavelength coverage, and the high-throughput gratings. Another prominent feature of WINERED is “warm” instrument despite for infrared (IR) observations. Such non-cryogenic (no cold stop) IR instrument finally became possible with the combination of custom-made thermal-cut filter of 10−8 class, 1.7 μm cutoff HAWAII-2RG array, and a cold baffle reducing the direct thermal radiation to the IR array into the solid angle of f/2. The thermal background is suppressed below 0.1 photons pixel−1 s−1 even in the wide band of 0.9–1.35 μm under the environment of 290 K. WINERED had been installed to the 3.58 m New Technology Telescope at La Silla Observatory, ESO, since 2017. Even with the intermediate size telescope, WINERED was confirmed to provide a limiting magnitude (for SNR = 30 with 8 hr. integration time) of J = 16.4 mag for the Wide mode and J = 15.1 mag for the Hires mode, respectively, under the natural seeing conditions. These sensitivities are comparable to those for the existing NIR-HRSs attached to the 8–10 m class telescopes with AO. WINERED type spectrographs may become a critical not only for the currently on-going extremely large telescopes to reduce the developing cost and time but also for smaller telescopes to extend their lives with long programs.

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Section: Significant Suppression Of Thermal Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Sensitive, Non-cryogenic NIR High-resolution Spectrograph, WINERED

Ikeda¹,

Kondo²,

Otsubo³

et al. 2022

PASP

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“…2 The most important spec of UTIRAC is a low readout noise (< 10 e − ) with speed of 200 kHz pix −1 . It has 4-channel readout ports that enable 3-sec readout time.…”

Section: Electronicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

WINERED: a warm near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph

Ikeda¹,

Kobayashi

Kondo

et al. 2006

SPIE Proceedings

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We are developing a new near-infrared high-resolution (R max = 100, 000) and high-sensitive spectrograph WINERED, which is specifically customized for short NIR bands at 0.9−1.35 µm. WINERED employs the following two novel approaches in the optical system: (1) portable design with a ZnSe immersion grating and (2) warm optics without any cold stops. These concepts result in several essential advantages as follows: easy to build, align, and maintain; these result in a short development time and low cost. WINERED employs a VIRGO HgCdTe 2k × 2k array by Raytheon as the detector. We are developing our own array control system that aims at a low readout noise (< 10 e − ) with a readout time of about 3 sec. Our goal is to achieve a high sensitivity of R = 100, 000 for a NIR spectroscopy of 15 mag and 17 mag point sources with 4 m and 10 m telescopes, respectively. We have just finalized the optical design and produced a proto-type electronics, which are described in the companion papers by Yasui et al. 1 and Kondo et al., 2 respectively. We plan to complete this instrument by the end of 2008 and hope to attach it to various 4 to 10 m telescopes as a PI-type instrument.

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Development of a near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph (WINERED) for a survey of bulge stars

et al. 2007

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Abstract. We are developing a new near-infrared high-resolution (R[max] = 100,000) and high-sensitive spectrograph WINERED, which is specifically customized for short NIR bands at 0.9-1.35 µm. WINERED employs an innovative optical system; a portable design and a warm optics without any cold stops. The planned astrometric space mission JASMINE will provide precise positions, distances, and proper motions of the bulge stars. The missing components, the radial velocity and chemical composition will be measured by WINERED. These combined data brought by JASMINE and WINERED will certainly reveal the nature of the Galactic bulge. We plan to complete this instrument for observations of single objects by the end of 2008 and to attach it to various 4-10m telescopes as a PI-type instrument. We hope to upgrade WINERED with a multi-object feed in the future for efficient survey of the JASMINE bulge stars.Keywords. Galaxy: bulge, infrared: stars, stars: abundances, stars: atmospheres, instrumentation: spectrographs, techniques: spectroscopic, techniques: radial velocitiesWe are developing a new NIR high-resolution spectrograph WINERED (=Warm INfrared Echelle spectrograph to Realize Extreme Dispersion) by employing two novel approaches (Ikeda et al. 2006). First, WINERED employs warm optics with no cold stop, which can be realized by limiting the wavelength range to short NIR bands of 0.9-1.35 µm. Second, WINERED employs an immersion grating of ZnSe or ZnS, resulting in a high resolving power of R max = 100,000, despite its compactness (1,500 × 500 × 500 mm). These two approaches make WINERED portable and easy to build, align, and maintain. Therefore, the total cost and time can be significantly reduced as compared with an entirely cooled classical echelle spectrograph. Warm opticsIn the short NIR region (λ 1.35 µm), the ambient thermal and sky backgrounds are negligible if compared to the readout noise (Ikeda et al. 2006, Kondo et al. 2006. It means that the cooling of entire optics is not necessary as long as we remain in this short NIR region. WINERED employs warm (room temperature) optics except for the camera system that includes the detector array (Fig. 1). The narrow wavelength range significantly increases the performance of the AR coating on the optical elements, e.g., R < 1% per surface is possible, while R > 5 % per surface is inevitable at some wavelengths for 1.0−5.5 µm broad band AR. This leads to a significant throughput improvement for WINERED which uses a large number of refractive optics for the aberration-free design. 510https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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UTIRAC: University of Tokyo infrared array control system developed for WINERED

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Highly Sensitive, Non-cryogenic NIR High-resolution Spectrograph, WINERED

Highly Sensitive, Non-cryogenic NIR High-resolution Spectrograph, WINERED

WINERED: a warm near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph

Development of a near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph (WINERED) for a survey of bulge stars

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