WINERED: a warm near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph

Ikeda, Yuji; Kobayashi, Naoto; Kondo, Sohei; Yasui, Chikako; Motohara, Kentaro; Minami, Atsushi

doi:10.1117/12.672665

Cited by 20 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…These objectives could be achieved by using warm (room temperature) optics and an immersion grating. Warm optics in the short near-infrared region (λ < 1.35 µm), the ambient thermal background is negligible in comparison with the noise of the readout system or OH airglow background (see Figure 1 in Ikeda et al 1 ). In this short wavelength range, it is not necessary to cool all optics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In this paper, we present the optical design procedure and describe the optical performance of WINERED. The overall review and array control system of WINERED are described in companion papers by Ikeda et al 1 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Motivated by several scientific studies, 1 we are developing a near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph WINERED. The objectives of WINERED are to achieve (1) high spectral resolution (R max = 100,000), (2) high sensitivity (throughput ≥ 25%), and (3) portability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WINERED: optical design of warm infrared echelle spectrograph

Yasui

Ikeda²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2006

SPIE Proceedings

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We are developing a short near-infrared (λ = 0.9-1.35 µm) high-resolution (R max = 100,000) and high-sensitivity spectrograph "WINERED" by using several unique approaches. We adopt a classical cross-dispersed configuration for the optical system because it provides the best balance between the system throughput, alignment tolerances, and image quality (thereby producing high spectral resolution). Our design has four characteristics:(1) a ZnSe immersion echelle grating is used to realize a compact optical system even with R max = 100,000;(2) a volume phase holographic (VPH) grating is used as a cross-disperser (in comparison with the classical reflective grating, the VPH grating decreases the camera optics and provides higher throughput); (3) a cooled refractive lens system is used for the camera optics; and (4) a reflective echelle grating can be replaced with the above-mentioned immersion grating to cover a wider wavelength range with R max = 28,000. We have found a compact solution with high performance: all spots are well within 2 × 2 pixels throughout the entire detector array and the total throughput is more than 25% for all modes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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WINERED: optical design of warm infrared echelle spectrograph

Yasui

Ikeda²,

Kobayashi

et al. 2006

SPIE Proceedings

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“…As reported previously, the baseline for fabricating the WINERED grating was nanoprecision 3D grinding 12 .…”

Section: Background-an Immersion Grating For the Winered Spectrographmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WINERED spectrograph 12 is designed to be an extremely high resolution instrument optimized for the short near infrared (NIR) region from 0.9 to 1.35 µm. The high dispersion of an immersion grating allows a resolution of ~100,000 to be attained in a compact, portable spectrograph.…”

Section: Background-an Immersion Grating For the Winered Spectrographmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the fabrication of a prototype ZnSe immersion grating for the WINERED spectrograph

Kuzmenko

Little

Ikeda³

et al. 2010

SPIE Proceedings

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The WINERED spectrograph requires a large (9 cm x 9 cm aperture), 70º blaze ZnSe immersion grating to achieve a resolution of ~100,000. It will be implemented as a mosaic of 3 gratings of aperture 3 cm x 9 cm. LLNL is diamond machining a subscale prototype (2.3 cm x 5.0 cm aperture) to demonstrate feasibility. This is a 10x increase in the size of gratings machined at LLNL.The first cutting of the grating had large wave front errors due to non-working thermal control. After repairs we recut a grating with an rms wavefront error of 0.11 wave @633 nm, which meets WINERED's full aperture requirement. The first cutting had good quality grooves, but the recut showed bad chipping. A second recut after polishing away the grating had pitted groove faces. It is known that diamond machining and mechanical polishing create subsurface damage. This damage can cause brittle fracture during subsequent machining. We plan to chemically etch ZnSe substrates to remove damaged layers prior to machining our next gratings.

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Development of a near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph (WINERED) for a survey of bulge stars

et al. 2007

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Abstract. We are developing a new near-infrared high-resolution (R[max] = 100,000) and high-sensitive spectrograph WINERED, which is specifically customized for short NIR bands at 0.9-1.35 µm. WINERED employs an innovative optical system; a portable design and a warm optics without any cold stops. The planned astrometric space mission JASMINE will provide precise positions, distances, and proper motions of the bulge stars. The missing components, the radial velocity and chemical composition will be measured by WINERED. These combined data brought by JASMINE and WINERED will certainly reveal the nature of the Galactic bulge. We plan to complete this instrument for observations of single objects by the end of 2008 and to attach it to various 4-10m telescopes as a PI-type instrument. We hope to upgrade WINERED with a multi-object feed in the future for efficient survey of the JASMINE bulge stars.Keywords. Galaxy: bulge, infrared: stars, stars: abundances, stars: atmospheres, instrumentation: spectrographs, techniques: spectroscopic, techniques: radial velocitiesWe are developing a new NIR high-resolution spectrograph WINERED (=Warm INfrared Echelle spectrograph to Realize Extreme Dispersion) by employing two novel approaches (Ikeda et al. 2006). First, WINERED employs warm optics with no cold stop, which can be realized by limiting the wavelength range to short NIR bands of 0.9-1.35 µm. Second, WINERED employs an immersion grating of ZnSe or ZnS, resulting in a high resolving power of R max = 100,000, despite its compactness (1,500 × 500 × 500 mm). These two approaches make WINERED portable and easy to build, align, and maintain. Therefore, the total cost and time can be significantly reduced as compared with an entirely cooled classical echelle spectrograph. Warm opticsIn the short NIR region (λ 1.35 µm), the ambient thermal and sky backgrounds are negligible if compared to the readout noise (Ikeda et al. 2006, Kondo et al. 2006. It means that the cooling of entire optics is not necessary as long as we remain in this short NIR region. WINERED employs warm (room temperature) optics except for the camera system that includes the detector array (Fig. 1). The narrow wavelength range significantly increases the performance of the AR coating on the optical elements, e.g., R < 1% per surface is possible, while R > 5 % per surface is inevitable at some wavelengths for 1.0−5.5 µm broad band AR. This leads to a significant throughput improvement for WINERED which uses a large number of refractive optics for the aberration-free design. 510https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi

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WINERED: a warm near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph

Cited by 20 publications

References 21 publications

WINERED: optical design of warm infrared echelle spectrograph

WINERED: optical design of warm infrared echelle spectrograph

Progress in the fabrication of a prototype ZnSe immersion grating for the WINERED spectrograph

Development of a near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph (WINERED) for a survey of bulge stars

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